Mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane (adjusted flow rate or concentration to 1.5%) and 50 μl of cardiotoxin (12×10−6 M in PBS) (Latoxan) was injected in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.54 Muscles were recovered for flow cytometry analysis, histology, immunohistochemical analysis, and lipidomics at days 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 post-injury. For ibuprofen treatments, mice were treated intraperitoneally with either 100mg/kg ibuprofen (Cayman Chemical; item #: 15687-27-1) or vehicle (DMSO) at day 1, 2 and 3 post CTX injury (see scheme in Supplementary Figure 4 ).
Ibuprofen
Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
Ibuprofen is a laboratory standard used as a reference material for analytical testing and research purposes. It is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Ibuprofen is typically used as a chemical standard to quantify and identify the compound in various sample matrices.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Celecoxib, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions)
Roc c18 column, by Restek (1 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetaminophen, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenytoin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Valproic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bumetanide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ozagrel, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Milrinone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Lamotrigine, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Ethosuximide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sildenafil, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Chelerythrine chloride, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Paxilline, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
2 apb, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Sc 560, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Cay10526, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Topiramate, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Fasudil, by LC Laboratories (1 mentions)
Celltiter glo reagent, by Promega (1 mentions)
7 protocols using ibuprofen
1
Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Model
2
Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Model
3
Quantification of NEO212, TMZ, and AIC
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After drug exposure, cells were rinsed twice with PBS and frozen as a “dry” cell pellet at −80 °C until processing. Upon thawing, cells were lysed with 200 µL acetonitrile and filtered with a 0.22 μm nylon filter (Nalgene, Rochester, NY, USA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on an i-Series Plus Integrated HPLC System (Shimadzu, Columbia, MD, USA) with an integrated photo-diode array detector (PDA). LabSolutions V5.87 SP1 software (Shimadzu, Columbia, MD, USA) was used for data acquisition and instrument control. The isocratic separation of NEO212, TMZ, and AIC was performed using a Roc C18 column (10 mm × 4.6 mm × 3 μm) (Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, PA, USA) with a column temperature of 30 °C for 30 min. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (38:62, v:v, pH 5). Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Ibuprofen (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used as the internal standard. The analytes were detected with a diode array detector at 316 nm.
4
Evaluating Anti-seizure Drugs in Rats
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Rats implanted with ventral hippocampal electrodes and dorsal hippocampal optodes were used in these studies. Rats were reused for several drug experiments allowing at least two days between drug treatments. Celecoxib, SC-560, ibuprofen, chelerythrine chloride, milrinone, sildenafil, SKA-31, CAY-10526, seratrodast, ozagrel, paxilline, 2-APB, levetiracetam, and topiramate were obtained from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI). Acetaminophen, nifedipine, bumetanide, ethosuximide, phenytoin, and valproic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Lamotrigine was obtained from SelleckChem (Houston, TX). Fasudil was obtained from LC laboratories (Woburn, MA) and phenobarbital was obtained from Strathcona Prescription Center (Canada). Lipophilic drugs were dissolved in 100% DMSO, while hydrophilic drugs were dissolved in saline and injected 30 min prior to seizure induction. The seizure duration and severity of hypoxia (area below 10 mmHg) were compared across kindle (seizure without injection), vehicle-, and drug-treated groups using a within-subject ANOVA and follow-up t-test between vehicle- and drug-treated groups.
5
Caco-2 Cell Viability Assay for C. difficile
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Caco-2 cells were plated in black 96-well plates at 3 × 104 cells per well and incubated for 48 hours. After 48 hours, cell culture medium was refreshed, and cells were treated with indomethacin, ibuprofen (Cayman), naproxen (Cayman), aspirin, R2PPA, valeroyl silyciate (Cayman), celecoxib (Cayman), PGE2 (Cayman), or vehicle control [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] for 16 hours overnight. The next day, cells were intoxicated with filter-sterilized C. difficile VPI10463 cultures at a final dilution of 1:5 or 1:15 or mock-infected (BHI) and incubated for 8 hours. Cell viability was indicated by measuring ATP levels using the CellTiter Glo Reagent (Promega). Data were normalized to ATP levels of vehicle-treated and mock-infected cells.
6
Mitochondrial Isolation and Respiration Assay
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Rotenone, ADP, antimycin A, L-glutamic acid, L-malic acid, succinate disodium, fatty acid–free BSA, collagenase type IV, Percoll®, and glucose were purchase from Millipore Sigma Corp. Calcium ionophore A23187, N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy)-benzenehexanamide, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), ibuprofen, oligomycin, cell culture supplements, thromboxane B2-d4, prostaglandin E2-d4, 12-HETE-d8, and 2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-propanedinitrile (FCCP) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-cytotoxicity assay kit, HepatoZYME-SFM, and other chemicals for preparation of buffers for mitochondrial isolation, respiration, and swelling were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific Inc. A rabbit polyclonal anti-iPLA2γ antibody was generated in our laboratory as described previously (15 (link)).
7
Pharmacological Interventions in Neurological Studies
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The drugs used in the study were: thalidomide, 7-NI (a neuronal NOS inhibitor) and ibuprofen (a COX inhibitor) obtained from Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 4-AP, PTZ, pilocarpine, scopolamine methyl bromide and SVP from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; diazepam (DZP) from Cryopharma Laboratories, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga, Jalisco, Mexico.
Different doses of thalidomide were suspended in PBS with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Sigma-Aldrich), while 7-NI was suspended in an aqueous solution of 1% Tween 80, and ibuprofen in an aqueous solution of 5% DMSO. The rest of the drugs were dissolved in physiological saline solution (NaCl 0.9%).
Different doses of thalidomide were suspended in PBS with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Sigma-Aldrich), while 7-NI was suspended in an aqueous solution of 1% Tween 80, and ibuprofen in an aqueous solution of 5% DMSO. The rest of the drugs were dissolved in physiological saline solution (NaCl 0.9%).
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