Tudca

PQ was purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Mice were subcutaneously injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 2 mg/kg PQ or 20 mg/kg PQ once a week for 2 weeks. Due to the quality of PQ in high metabolic rate, we performed preliminary experiment and found that neuroinflammation caused by PQ could persist for at least 1 wk. To further study the relationship between neuroinflammation and NSC impairments, the mice were sacrificed 1 wk after the last PQ injection.
In the ER stress function test, mice with 20 mg/kg PQ treatments were subcutaneously injected with 500 mg/kg TUDCA (APExBIO, Houston, Texas, USA) once every 3 days during PQ exposure. Then, the slices of SGZ and SVZ were prepared to measure the number of NSC.

We purchased TUDCA from APExBIO (batch number: C3233). AST, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C kits were from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering, Nanjing, China (batch number: 20220830). HE and ORO are all from Servicebio, Wuhan, China (batch number: G1003, G1015). Mass spectrometry grade formic acid and acetonitrile were from Thermo Fisher (batch number: 205178, 205187). Primer synthesis was commissioned to Shanghai Bioengineering Co., Shanghai, China.