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4 protocols using tgf β1 240 b 010

1

DAPT, TGF-β1, and WISP-1 Protocol

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DAPT (D5942) was purchased from Sigma‒Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TGF-β1 (240-B-010) and mouse rWISP-1 (1680-WS) were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). LY3039478 (HY-12449) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).
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2

Lipid Mediator Assay Protocol

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GW9662 (#70785) and PD146176 (#10010518) were purchased from Cayman Chemical. GW4869 (#6823-69-4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. TGF-β1 (240-B-010) and IL-4 (404-ML) were purchased from R&D Systems. 15-HETE and 15d-PGJ2 were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences. Lipoxin A4 was purchased from Neogene. Mouse IgG Blocking Reagent (MKB-2213) was purchased from Vector Laboratories.
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3

Differentiating Human ESCs into EBs

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To induce EB formation, human ESC colonies were dissociated into small cell mass mechanically and grown in dishes covered with 1% agar in ESC culture medium containing 1×109 mol/l retinoic acid (R2625; Sigma-Aldrich). Following culturing for 3–5 days, the cells aggregated and formed EBs. The EBs were then transferred into dishes covered with 0.1% gelatin and cultured in serum-free DMEM containing 3 ng/ml TGF-β1 (240-B-010; R&D Systems) or as controls with serum-free DMEM only. The culture medium was changed every 24 h, and the morphological changes of the EBs were examined daily under a phase-contrast microscope. The images of beating cells of the EBs were stored on a videotape using a Nikon CCD camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Fibroblast Responses to HPS-1 Lung Tissue and Therapeutics

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Explanted lung tissue samples were obtained from patients with genetically confirmed HPS‐1 who underwent clinically indicated lung transplantation for HPSPF. Lung fibroblasts were cultured in growth media containing 10% Mesenchymal Cell Growth Supplement, 2% L‐Glutamine, and 0.1% Gentamicin Sulfate in Lonza's Mesenchymal Stem Cell Basal Medium (Lonza, Switzerland). Control lung fibroblasts were purchased from Lonza and maintained in the same growth media. When the fibroblasts reached 80–90% confluency, cells were incubated with either 1 μM MRI‐1867, 1 μM Rimonabant, 1 μM 1400W, or DMSO for vehicle and fibrosis‐only control. One hour later, the cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml TGFβ‐1 (240‐B‐010, R&D Systems) diluted in 4 mM HCL in 1 mg/ml BSA (R&D Systems), while the vehicle and fibrosis‐only control were incubated with equal volume of diluent. Twenty‐four hours later, culture supernatant was collected and rapidly frozen for cytokine and endocannabinoid measurement. Cells were washed three times with PBS, trypsinized, washed, pelleted, and frozen. RNA was collected using Maxwell® RSC simplyRNA Cells Kit (AS1390) on a Maxwell® RSC Instrument (AS4500, Promega). RNA quality and quantity were measured using QuantiFluor® RNA System (E3310) on a Quantus™ Fluorometer (E6150, Promega). One microgram of RNA was transcribed to cDNA as above.
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