4 2 hydroxyethyl 1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid hepes solution

Chlorogenic acid (5-CQA, purity > 97% by HPLC), caffeic acid (purity ≥ 95%) and 1,3-DCQA (cynarin, purity > 99% by HPLC) were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). MeOH of analytical grade was purchased from Avantor Performance Materials S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Water was purified by a Mili-Q system (Milipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). MeOH and MeCN of HPLC grade and formic acid and glacial acetic acid were bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 7,10-Diisobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl isobutyrate (purity > 90% by HPLC) was isolated in our laboratory from roots of X. speciosissima. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was bought from Biomed (Lublin, Poland). Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), RPMI 1640 medium, f-MLP (formyl-Met-Leu-Phenylalanine), LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111:B4), propidium iodide (PI), luminol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution and L-glutamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was delivered by Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA).

Chlorogenic acid (5-O-CQA, purity > 97% by HPLC) and a standard sample of cynarin (1,3-DCQA, purity > 99% by HPLC) were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Organic solvents of analytical grade were purchased either from POCh S.A. (Gliwice, Poland) or from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified by a Mili-Q system (Milipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). MeOH and MeCN of HPLC grade as well as formic acid and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was bought from Biomed (Lublin, Poland). Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), cell culture medium (RPMI 1640 medium), f-MLP (formyl-Met-Leu-Phenylalanine), LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111:B4), propidium iodide (PI), luminol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution, and l-glutamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was delivered by Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA).

Organic solvents of analytical grade were purchased either from POCh S.A. (Gliwice, Poland) or from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). MeOH and MeCN of HPLC grade were purchased from Merck. Cell culture media (except for McCoy’s 5A medium), Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), formyl-Met-Leu-phenylalanine (f-MLP), LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111:B4), propidium iodide (PI), luminol, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution and L-glutamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). McCoy’s 5A medium was purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was supplied either by Biowest (Riverside, MO, USA) or by Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biomed (Lublin, Poland).