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Hsp104

Manufactured by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom

Hsp104 is a heat shock protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that functions as a molecular chaperone. It plays a role in the disaggregation and reactivation of misfolded proteins.

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4 protocols using hsp104

1

Immunocapture of Prion Aggregates

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For NM-HA and NM-HA-C immunocapture, native lysates were prepared as described [61 (link)], and immunocapture was performed using anti-HA magnetic beads or anti-Myc magnetic beads (Thermo Scientific Pierce). Co-captured proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by western blotting for Sup35, HA (Roche), Hsp104 (Abcam), Ssa1 (gift from E. Craig), and Sis1 (gift from M. Tuite). The amount of Sup35 and NM-HA or NM-HA-C captured was adjusted to reflect only the amount of Sup35 proteins present in aggregates in each strain, as determined by incubating lysates at 53°C and 100°C in the presence of SDS and resolving the protein on an SDS-PAGE gel. The percentage of protein in aggregates was then calculated as the fraction of Sup35 that did not enter the gel at 53°C. The amount of each chaperone that was co-captured was then compared to the amount of captured aggregated Sup35.
For Hsp104 binding to luciferase reporters, cells were incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes followed by 40°C for 35 minutes, with the addition of cycloheximide to 100μg/mL for the last 10 minutes. Cell lysates were prepared, and immunocapture was performed as described [61 (link)], except 600mM NaCl was used in lysis and wash buffers. Co-captured proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by western blotting for Firefly luciferase (Sigma) and Hsp104 (Abcam).
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2

Analysis of Protein Aggregation and Oxidation

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Protein extracts were electrophoresed under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE minigels and electroblotted onto PVDF membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Primary antibodies used were raised against Sup35 [81 (link)], Rnq1 [33 (link)], Myc (Myc 4A6, Millipore), GFP (Invitrogen), Pgk1 (ThermoFisher Scientific), DNPH (Dako) and Hsp104 (Abcam). The analysis of Sup35 amyloid polymers by semi-denaturing detergent-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) was performed as described previously [82 (link)]. Protein carbonylation was measured by reacting carbonyl groups with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) and detected using rabbit anti-DNPH [83 (link)]. Blots were visualised using LI-COR fluorescent secondary antibodies and quantified using LI-COR Image Studio (version 5.2). Insoluble protein aggregates were isolated as previously described and visualized by silver staining [24 (link)].
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3

Protein Immunoblotting Analysis

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Protein extracts were electrophoresed under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE minigels and electroblotted onto PVDF membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Bound antibody was visualized using LI-COR Odyssey-FC. Primary antibodies used were Pgk1 (459250, ThermoFisher Scientific) and Hsp104 (ab2924, Abcam).
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4

Characterization of Yeast Protein Aggregates

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Protein extracts were electrophoresed under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE minigels and electroblotted onto a PVDF membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Protein concentrations were measured using a NanoDrop ND-8000 spectrophotometer. Primary antibodies used were Sup35 [35 (link)], GFP (Invitrogen, UK), Pgk1 (ThermoFisher Scientific, UK), and Hsp104 (Abcam, UK). Insoluble protein aggregates were isolated as previously described [36 (link)]. Aggregated proteins were visualized by silver staining with the Bio-Rad silver stain plus kit. The analysis of Sup35 amyloid polymers by semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) was performed as described previously [37 (link)].
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