Stata 14.2 version

Continuous data were assessed for normality and where appropriate presented as means (95% CI) and as percentages for categorical variables. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess differences between groups for continuous normally and non-normally distributed variables from birth to 2 years, respectively. Differences between groups for categorical variables were compared using the Pearson chi-square test. The one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test, was used to assess differences in body composition between categories of birthweight (SGA, AGA, and LGA). FM, FMI, FFM, FFMI, and FM/FFM^P were each regressed on birthweight z-score, conditional relative weight, and conditional length at 12 months and 24 months using multiple linear regression analyses. All data were analysed using Stata 14.2 version (Stata-Corp LP, College Station, Texas, USA). Statistical differences were accepted at p < 0.05.

Continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviation or as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) when not normally distributed. Nominal variables were expressed in numbers and percentages. The association between the mean values of continuous variables was assessed using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test or Student′s t-test when appropriate. Nominal variables were assessed by the χ² test or Fisher′s exact test when appropriate. The patients were separated into two groups based on in-hospital (Supplementary Table S1) or 1-year (Table 1) mortality. Regression analysis was performed using variables with a p-value < 0.05 to analyse variables associated with the criteria of mortality with results reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for in-hospital mortality. A Cox analysis was performed to analyse the factors associated with 1-year mortality and the results were reported as a hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI (Table 2). A p-value inferior to 0.05 was considered significant. Stata® (14.2 version) software was used for statistical analyses.

Data were expressed as mean (SD) and range (minimum, maximum). Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference in Wolbachia density between the experimental and control groups at different temperature regimens. Paired t-test was used to compare the temperatures between the full and half open bowls. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were done in statistical software STATA 14.2 version (College Station, TX, USA).