Samples of the alfalfa hay, oat hay, and concentrate were analyzed for organic matter (OM; Official Method 7.009), dry matter (DM; Official Method 7.007), and crude protein (CP; Official Method 7.016) according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984) using a Kjeldahl Distillation System (FOSS Kjeltec 8400, Demark). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) expressed exclusive of residual ash according to the method of Van Soest using an ANKOM 2000 Fiber Analyzer (USA) as described by Tsiplakou et al. [18 (link)] (Table 1 ).
Ankom 2000 fiber analyzer
Manufactured by ANKOM Technology
Sourced in United States
The ANKOM 2000 Fiber Analyzer is a laboratory equipment designed for the analysis of fiber content in various sample types. It utilizes a gravimetric method to determine the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content of samples. The instrument automates the digestion, filtration, and weighing processes, providing standardized and reproducible results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Icap 6500, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ankom xt20 fat analyzer, by ANKOM Technology (2 mentions)
Phsj 4f, by INESA (1 mentions)
Model 6400, by Parr (1 mentions)
U 1000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Z 2000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Kjeltec 8400 analyzer unit, by Foss (1 mentions)
Digestion system dt220, by Foss (1 mentions)
Petroleum ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
F57 filter bags, by ANKOM Technology (1 mentions)
Agilent 7890a gas chromatography system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Chn628, by Leco (1 mentions)
28 protocols using ankom 2000 fiber analyzer
1
Nutrient Composition Analysis of Livestock Feeds
2
Nutrient Composition Analysis of Corn and Soybean Meal
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Representative samples of corn and soybean meal were collected each week for 5 wk and analyzed in duplicate for total AA (except Trp; method 994.12; AOAC, 2012), Trp (method 13904:2005; AOAC, 2005) , and CP (method 990.03; AOAC, 2012) by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc. (Chicago, IL), and values were used in diet formulation. Samples of the diets were submitted to Ward Laboratories, Inc. (Kearney, NE) for analysis of DM (method 935.29; AOAC, 2012), Crude fiber (method 978.10; AOAC, 2012; for preparation and Ankom 2000 Fiber Analyzer, Ankom Technology, Fairport, NY), ash (method 942.05; AOAC, 2012), crude fat (method 920.39 a; AOAC, 2012; for preparation and ANKOM XT20 Fat Analyzer, Ankom Technology), Ca, and P (method 968.08 b; AOAC, 2012; for preparation and using an ICAP 6500, ThermoElectron Corp., Waltham, MA). Diet samples were taken from each electronic feeding station twice a week and then CP and total AA analyses were conducted in duplicate on 3 composite samples per treatment by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.
3
Determination of NDF and ADF in Pulverized Samples
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The NDF and ADF contents were measured by using the methods described by Goering & Van Soest (1970) and Van Soest, Robertson & Lewis (1991) (link) with 0.5 g pulverized samples in Automatic Fiber Analyzer (ANKOM 2000 Fiber Analyzer; ANKOM Technology, NY, USA). The contents of NDF and ADF were calculated using the following equation:
Where: M = Sample weight; M1 = Bag tare weight; M2 = Weight of organic matter after extraction by neutral detergent; M3 = Weight of organic matter after extraction by acid detergent; C1 = Ash-corrected blank bag factor (a running average of the loss of weight after extraction of the blank bag/original blank bag); C2 = Ash-corrected blank bag factor (a running average of the loss of weight after extraction of the blank bag/original blank bag).
Where: M = Sample weight; M1 = Bag tare weight; M2 = Weight of organic matter after extraction by neutral detergent; M3 = Weight of organic matter after extraction by acid detergent; C1 = Ash-corrected blank bag factor (a running average of the loss of weight after extraction of the blank bag/original blank bag); C2 = Ash-corrected blank bag factor (a running average of the loss of weight after extraction of the blank bag/original blank bag).
4
Forage Silage Quality Analysis
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Each sample of 20 g was mixed with 180 mL sterile water, mixed homogeneously for 1 min in a laboratory juicer, and then filtered through four layers of cheesecloth. The filtrate was subjected to centrifugation (4500 × g, 15 min, 4°C). The supernatant was used to measure pH, ammonia-N, and organic acid. The pH was determined by pH meter. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was determined by the method of Broderick and Kang (1980) (link). Lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (Li et al., 2019 (link)).
Each sample of about 300 g was dried at 65°C to a constant weight to determine dry matter (DM) content, and then ground through 0.20 mm sieve for analysis of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and water carbohydrate (WSC). CP was determined by the method of AOAC (1990) . Both NDF and ADF were determined using an ANKOM 2000 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY, United States) by the method of Van Soest et al. (1991) (link). WSC was determined by the method of McDonald et al. (1991) .
Each sample of about 300 g was dried at 65°C to a constant weight to determine dry matter (DM) content, and then ground through 0.20 mm sieve for analysis of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and water carbohydrate (WSC). CP was determined by the method of AOAC (1990) . Both NDF and ADF were determined using an ANKOM 2000 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY, United States) by the method of Van Soest et al. (1991) (link). WSC was determined by the method of McDonald et al. (1991) .
5
Forage Fiber Composition Analysis
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Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations of pre-ensiled along with silage samples were determined using the method of Van Soest et al [11 (link)], and adapted for an ANKOM 2000 Fiber Analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY, USA). In the NDF measurements, a heat-tolerant enzyme and sodium sulphite were also used. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) was determined using 72% H2SO4 digestion ADF followed by incineration: incineration fraction lost approximated ADL. Hemi-cellulose was calculated as NDF minus ADF, while cellulose was calculated as ADF minus 72% H2SO4 digestion residue weight.
6
Silage Characterization and Composition Analysis
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A fresh sample (20 g) from each bag silo was mixed with 180 mL distilled water for 3 min in a Stomacher blender. The pH of the filtrate was determined using a pH meter (PHSJ-4 F; Shanghai INESA Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Filtrate of about 5 mL was subjected to centrifugation (4500× g, 15 min, 4 °C), and the supernatant was analyzed for lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate using high-performance liquid chromatography [14 (link)]. Ammonia-N was determined according to the method of Broderick and Kang (1980) [15 (link)].
Freeze-dried samples were ground with a mill (1 mm screen). Crude protein (CP) was analyzed by AOAC (2000) and was calculated using the formulation Kjeldahl N × 6.25 [16 ]. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined by the methods of Van Soest et al. (1991) using an Ankom 2000 fiber analyzer (Ankom Technology Co., Ltd., Macedon, NY, USA) [17 (link)]. WSC was determined according to the method of McDonald et al. (1991) [18 ]. Dry matter recovery and aerobic stability from the silage was determined according to the methods of Kung et al. (2018) [10 (link)].
Freeze-dried samples were ground with a mill (1 mm screen). Crude protein (CP) was analyzed by AOAC (2000) and was calculated using the formulation Kjeldahl N × 6.25 [16 ]. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined by the methods of Van Soest et al. (1991) using an Ankom 2000 fiber analyzer (Ankom Technology Co., Ltd., Macedon, NY, USA) [17 (link)]. WSC was determined according to the method of McDonald et al. (1991) [18 ]. Dry matter recovery and aerobic stability from the silage was determined according to the methods of Kung et al. (2018) [10 (link)].
7
Yield Trait Indicators and Nutritional Composition of Forage Crops
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Indicators of yield traits, including plant height (PH, length from base to tip of the spike), leaf number (LN, leaf number on the main stem after heading), stem diameter (SD, diameter of the main stem), fresh matter (FM, fresh matter of the main stem), dry matter per plant (DM, dry matter of the main stem after drying at 60°C), stem gravity (SG, height of the main stem gravity), snapping resistance (SR, at the 4th internode of the main stem), and LRI (Zhang et al. 2009 ) were measured at the Dryland Farming and Water-saving Station, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China. LRI was obtained using the following calculation: LRI = SR/(FW × SG). Photosynthetic indexes, including net photosynthetic rate (PN) and transpiration rate (TR), were measured using a CI-340 handheld photosynthesis system, and sugar content (SC) measured using a handheld Brix refractometer.
The crude protein content (CP) was determined using the Kjeldahl method (AOAC 1980 ). Amounts of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and crude ash (CA) were determined using an ANKOM 2000 fiber analyzer according to Van Soest et al. (1991) (link). The total digestible nutrients (TDN) content (Beck et al. 2013 ) was calculated using the equation TDN (%) = 105.2 – 0.6679 × NDF (%). The relative feed value (RFV) was obtained as follows:
The crude protein content (CP) was determined using the Kjeldahl method (AOAC 1980 ). Amounts of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and crude ash (CA) were determined using an ANKOM 2000 fiber analyzer according to Van Soest et al. (1991) (link). The total digestible nutrients (TDN) content (Beck et al. 2013 ) was calculated using the equation TDN (%) = 105.2 – 0.6679 × NDF (%). The relative feed value (RFV) was obtained as follows:
8
Evaluating Energy Content of Soybean Hulls
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At the conclusion of the experiment, urine and fecal samples were thawed and mixed within animal and diet, and a subsample of each urine sample was lyophilized before analysis (Kim et al., 2009 ). Fecal samples were dried at 50 °C in a forced-air drying oven, and dried samples were ground through a 1-mm screen using a Wiley mill (Model 4; Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ). Ingredients, diets, ground fecal samples, and lyophilized urine samples were analyzed for GE using bomb calorimetry (Model 6400; Parr Instruments, Moline, IL). Diets were analyzed for DM and ash as explained for Exp. 1. Diets were also analyzed for ADF and NDF using Ankom Technology method 12 and 13, respectively (Ankom 2000 Fiber Analyzer, Ankom Technology).
Following analysis, the ATTD of GE was calculated for each diet and the DE and ME in each diet was calculated as well (Adeola, 2001 ). The ATTD of GE and concentrations of DE and ME in soybean hulls was calculated by difference (Adeola, 2001 ). Net energy (NE) in nonextruded and extruded soybean hulls was predicted from ME and analyzed nutrient composition (Noblet et al., 1994 (link)). Data were analyzed as explained for Exp. 1.
Following analysis, the ATTD of GE was calculated for each diet and the DE and ME in each diet was calculated as well (Adeola, 2001 ). The ATTD of GE and concentrations of DE and ME in soybean hulls was calculated by difference (Adeola, 2001 ). Net energy (NE) in nonextruded and extruded soybean hulls was predicted from ME and analyzed nutrient composition (Noblet et al., 1994 (link)). Data were analyzed as explained for Exp. 1.
9
Comprehensive Chemical Analysis of Animal Diets
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In Exp. 1 and 2, samples of the diets were submitted to Ward Laboratories Inc. (Kearney, NE) for analysis of DM (method 935.29; AOAC International, 2012), CF (method 978.10 [AOAC International, 2012] for preparation and Ankom 2000 Fiber Analyzer, Ankom Technology, Fairport, NY), ash (method 942.05; AOAC International, 2012), crude fat (method 920.39a [AOAC International 2012] for preparation and ANKOM XT20 Fat Analyzer, Ankom Technology), Ca, and P (method 968.08b [AOAC International, 2012] for preparation using ICAP 6500, ThermoElectron Corp., Waltham, MA). In Exp. 1, CP was analyzed by Ward Laboratories Inc. (method 990.03; AOAC International, 2012); in Exp. 2, CP was analyzed by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc. (method 990.03; AOAC International, 2012).
In Exp. 1, diet samples were collected from feeders at the beginning of the trial and on d 7 and 14. At the end of the trial, samples of the diets were combined within dietary treatment, and a composite sample from each treatment was analyzed in duplicate for total AA content by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.
In Exp. 2, diet samples were taken from 6 feeders per dietary treatment 3 d after the beginning of the trial and 3 d before the end of the trial and stored at -20°C; then CP and total AA analyses were conducted in duplicate on composite samples by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.
In Exp. 1, diet samples were collected from feeders at the beginning of the trial and on d 7 and 14. At the end of the trial, samples of the diets were combined within dietary treatment, and a composite sample from each treatment was analyzed in duplicate for total AA content by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.
In Exp. 2, diet samples were taken from 6 feeders per dietary treatment 3 d after the beginning of the trial and 3 d before the end of the trial and stored at -20°C; then CP and total AA analyses were conducted in duplicate on composite samples by Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.
10
Nutrient Composition Analysis of Animal Feeds
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Corn, SBM, CM, and all diet samples were analyzed in duplicate for gross energy (GE) with Automatic Isoperibol Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter (Model 6300; Parr Instruments, Moline, IL, USA), dry matter (DM, method 927.05) [16 ], ash (method 942.05) [16 ], CP (method 990.03) [16 ], acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (Ankom Technology method 12 and 13, respectively) with Ankom 2000 Fiber Analyzer (Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY, USA), calcium (Ca, method 968.08) [16 ] with an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Z-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), P (method 931.01) [16 ] with a UV-visible Spectrophotometer after wet-digestion (U-1000, Hitachi, Japan), and phytate [17 (link)], respectively (Tables 1 , 3 ). The concentration of phytate-bound P in each ingredient was calculated as 28.2% of phytate [18 ], and nonphytate-bound P was calculated as the difference between the concentration of total P and phytate-bound P. Fecal samples were also analyzed in duplicate for concentrations of DM, Ca, and P as explained for the ingredients and diets.
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