Fasting serum glucose (mg/dl) was determined colorimetrically using a test reagent kit (Biolabo SA, France)
Determination of serum insulin (μIU/ml) was performed using rat insulin ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic)
HOMA-IR score was used as an index of IR as described by Matthews et al.[7 (link)] using the following formula:
HOMA-IR score = serum glucose (mmol/l) × serum insulin (μIU/ml)/22.5
TNF-α level (pg/ml) was determined using a test reagent kit (ID labs, Canada)
Serum total cholesterol and TG were estimated using test reagent kits (Spinreact, Spain) and expressed as mg/dl
Uric acid, urea and creatinine levels were determined using test reagent kits (Biodiagnostics, Egypt) and expressed as mg/dl
Blood GSH, serum MDA, and liver nitric oxide (total nitrates and nitrites, NOx) were determined according to the methods described previously.[8 (link)9 (link)10 (link)]