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Cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) and treated with either BSA (extracellular staining) or BSA/Saponin to measure intracellular staining. The following antibodies were used to detect Zika virus: anti-Flavivirus 4g2 mouse IgG2a (NovusBio), anti-Flavivirus 4g2 monoclonal rabbit (Absolute Antibody), anti-Zika virus monoclonal Rabbit (Genetex).
All other antibodies were anti-human: DC-SIGN mouse IgG1 (AZN-D1), anti-langerin mouse IgG1 (10E2) both in house made, PE conjugated CD207 (langerin), APC conjugated CD1a (BD Biosciences), CD86-FITC (BD Pharmingen), CD80-PE (BD Pharmingen), CD83-APC (BD Pharmingen), DC-SIGN-FITC (R&D systems), CD3-APC/Fire750 (Biolegend), CD11c-APC (Biolegend), PEcy7-HLA-DR (BD Pharmingen), APCcy7-CD14 (BD Biosciences), APCcy7-CD11c (Biolegend),APC-AXL (Thermofisher, PE-MerTK (Thermofisher) and anti-Tyro3 (Thermofisher). For secondary detection the following antibodies were used: AF488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG2a (Invitrogen), AF647-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (Thermofisher), FITC-conjugated goat-anti-mouse IgM (Invitrogen), AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (Thermofisher).
Flow cytometric analyses were performed on a BD FACS Canto II (BD Biosciences) and data was analysed using FlowJo V10 software (TreeStar).

The following reagents were used: tripalmitoylated‐lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 (5 μg/mL) (Invivogen, San Diego, CA, USA), recombinant human TNF (1 μg/mL) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The following antibodies were used (all anti‐human): CD3‐AF700, CD3‐PerCP (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), CD19‐FITC, CD20‐FITC, CD56‐FITC, (Thermo Fisher Scientific Waltham, MA, USA), CD45‐V500, (BD Horizon, USA), CD1a‐APC (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), CD207‐PE (Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA), DC‐SIGN‐FITC (R&D Systems) and anti‐HIV‐1 p24, KC57‐RD1‐PE, (Beckman Coulter). The following reagents were obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, NIAID: Zidovudine (10 μmol/L), Raltegravir (100 nmol/L) and Indinavir (1 μmol/L).
The following plasmids were provided by Dr. Takaji Wakita at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Neuroscience: Genotype 2a HCV genomic RNA clone pJFH1 (APP1025) 27. pJFH1‐AM120‐Rluc was provided by Dr. Curt Hagedorn at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. pNL4.3.Luc_RΔenv provided by Dr. N.R. Landau 28, pHCV_H77_E1_E2(AF009606) Dr. Joe Grove (Addgene) 29.

Phenotyping of resting and activated moDCs was performed by flow cytometry using anti-human CD1d-phycoerythrin (PE), CD103-FITC, HLA-DQ-FITC, PD-L1-PE (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), CD1a-allophycocyanin (APC), CD40-FITC (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), CX₃CR1-PE, CD80-FITC, CD83-FITC, CD86-PE, DC-SIGN-FITC, CCR7-PE, CD14-PE (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), B7RP1 (ICOSL)-PE (EBiosciences, Santa Clara, CA, USA), and isotype-matched control antibodies. The ratio of regulatory T-lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry using anti-human CD25-PE (BD Pharmingen), CD4-FITC (BioLegend), FoxP3-APC (R&D Systems), and anti-IL-10-AlexaFluor488 (BioLegend). The viability of moDCs was determined with 2 μg/ml 7-amino-actinomycin D (LKT Laboratories Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) dye followed by a 24-h activation period with live bacteria or LPS. Fluorescence intensities were measured by FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed by the FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA).