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Sds polyacrylamide gel

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SDS polyacrylamide gels are a laboratory equipment used for protein separation and analysis. These gels are made of a polyacrylamide matrix and contain 5-20% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which denatures and charges proteins. The gels are commonly used in techniques such as SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to separate proteins based on their molecular weight.

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16 protocols using sds polyacrylamide gel

1

Immunoblotting Analysis of hTERT-transfected HNECs

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The hTERT-transfected HNECs were scraped from a 60 mm dish containing 300 μl of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10 s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay reagent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL). Aliquots of 15 μl of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated for 30 min at room temperature with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) and incubated with anti-CK5, anti-CK7, anti-p63, anti-ΔNp63, anti-anti-RSV-G protein21 (link), anti-occludin, anti-CLDN-1, -4, -7, anti-LSR, anti-tricellulin, anti-Ac-tubulin, anti-γ-tubulin, anti-phospho-NFκB, anti-NFκB, anti-phospho-p38 MAPK and anti-p38 MAPK antibodies (1:1000) at room temperature for 1 h. Then it was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Proteins

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Cultured cells were scraped from a 35 mm dish containing 400 μL of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and HSDE cells were scraped from a 60 mm dish containing 300 μL of buffer, collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10 s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay reagent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μL of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), before being electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated for 30 min at room temperature with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20, and 4% skim milk), and incubated with anti-p63, anti-CGN, anti-ZO-3, anti-OLFML3, anti-CYPLA1, anti-LSR, anti-TRIC, anti-CLDN-1, -4, -7, anti-acetylated-tubulin, anti-pMAPK, and anti-actin antibodies (1:1000) at room temperature for 1 h or overnight. It was then was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Membrane Proteins

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The cultured cells were scraped from 60 mm dishes containing 400 μl of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay regent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μl of 20 μg protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretically transfered to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) for 30 min at room temperature and incubated with anti-LSR, anti-TRIC, anti-CLDN-1, -2, anti-Ac-tubulin and anti-actin antibodies (1:1000) at room temperature overnight. Then it was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Tight Junction Proteins

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The hTERT-transfected HNECs were scraped from a 60 mm dish containing 300 μL of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay reagent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μL of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated for 30 min at room temperature with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) and incubated with anti-LSR, anti-TRIC, anti-CLDN-1, anti-CLDN-4, anti-CLDN-7, anti-HMGB1, anti-phospho-p44/p42 MAPK, anti-phospho-AMPK and anti-actin antibodies (1:1000) at room temperature for 1 h. Then it was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Tight Junction Proteins

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The cultured cells were scraped from 60 mm dishes containing 400 μl of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10 s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay regent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μl of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretically transfered to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) for over 30 min at room temperature and incubated with anti-LSR (1:1000), anti-tricellulin (1:1000), anti-AMOT (1:500), anti-Merlin (1:500), anti-pYAP (1:500) and anti-actin (1:1000) antibodies at room temperature for over 1 h. Then it was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blot system.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Membrane Proteins

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The cultured cells were scraped from a 60 mm dish containing 400 or 600 ml of buffer (1mM NaHCO3 and 2mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay regent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μl of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5-20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretic transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK) was performed. The membrane was saturated with blocking buffer (25mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) for over 30 min at room temperature and incubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-LSR (1:1000), anti-tricellulin (1:1000), and anti-actin (1:1000) antibodies at room temperature for over 1h. Then it was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blot system.
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7

Caco-2 Spheroids Protein Expression

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Caco-2 spheroids were scraped from a 35 mm dish containing 400 μL of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride). The samples were separated by electrophoresis in 520% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was incubated with anti-LSR, anti-TRIC, anti-CLDN-1, anti-CLDN-4, anti-CLDN-7, anti-pSmad2/3, anti-pMAPK, anti-pAMPK and anti-actin antibodies (1:1000) at 4 °C overnight. Then it was incubated with an HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). They were quantitated by densitometry and the data normalized to actin.
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8

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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The cultured cells were scraped from 60 mm dishes containing 400 μL of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and sonicated for 10 s. The protein concentrations in the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay regent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μL of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan) and transferred electrophoretically to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK). The membrane was saturated with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) for 30 min at room temperature and then incubated overnight at room temperature with the following primary antibodies: anti-LSR (1:1000), anti-TRIC (1:1000), anti-CLDN-1, -2, -4 (1:1000), anti-CGN (1:1000), anti-FOXO1 (1:1000), anti-pMAPK (1:1000), anti-pAMPK (1:1000), anti-Ac-tubulin (1:1000), and anti-actin antibodies (1:1000). Subsequently, the membrane was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. Immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blotting system.
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9

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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The cultured cells were scraped from a 60 mm dish containing 300 μl of buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 and 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), collected in microcentrifuge tubes, and then sonicated for 10s. The protein concentrations of the samples were determined using a BCA protein assay regent kit (Pierce Chemical Co.; Rockford, IL, USA). Aliquots of 15 μl of protein/lane for each sample were separated by electrophoresis in 5–20% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Wako, Osaka, Japan), and electrophoretic transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane (Immobilon; Millipore Co.; Bedford, UK) was performed. The membrane was saturated for 30 min at room temperature with blocking buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, and 4% skim milk) and incubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-p63 (1:1000), anti-ΔNp63 (1:1000), anti-GATA-3 (1:1000), anti-JAM-A (1:1000), anti-β-catenin (1:1000), anti-occludin (1:1000), anti-tricellulin (1:1000), anti-claudin-1, -4, -7 (1:1000) and anti-actin (1:1000) antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. Then the membrane was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The immunoreactive bands were detected using an ECL Western blot system.
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10

Glycoprotein Analysis in CSF Samples

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CSF samples were dissolved in Laemmli buffer without 2-mercaptoethanol, boiled for 3 min and loaded on SDS-polyacrylamide gels (194–1502, FUJIFILM Wako) [33 (link)]. After SDS-PAGE, protein bands were visualized with a Silver Stain II kit (FUJIFILM Wako). For immunoblotting, proteins separated on gels were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were blocked in 3% skim milk, incubated sequentially with anti-transferrin antibody (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA) and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-goat IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA), and developed using a SuperSignal West Dura Chemiluminescence Substrate Kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA). For lectin blotting, membranes were blocked in 1% BSA and incubated with a mannose-binding lectin, rBC2L-A (026-18691, FUJIFILM Wako). Prior to use, rBC2L-A lectin was biotinylated using Ez-Link NHS-Biotin (#20217, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Membranes were further incubated with horseradish peroxidase-labeled streptavidin (SA00001-0, Cosmo Bio Co., Tokyo, Japan), and developed. Biotinylated Urtica dioica Lectin (UDA) (BA-8005-1, Cosmo Bio Co.) and biotinylated Concanavalin A (ConA) (BA-1104-5, Cosmo Bio Co.) were also used for mannose-binding lectins.
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