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4 protocols using smad2 3103

1

Extraction and Western Blot Analysis of Phospho-Smad Proteins

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Proteins from tail tendons were extracted from frozen tissue with ice-cold cell lysis buffer (20 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), 1% (v/v) Igepal CA-630, 50 mM sodium fluoride) containing complete, mini EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail and PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 10 000 × g, at 4oC. Commercially available antibodies used to detect phospho-Smad1/5 (#9516), Smad1 (#6933), Smad5 (#9517), phospho-Smad2 (#3108) and Smad2 (#3103) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies. GAPDH was detected using a monoclonal antibody from Sigma (G8795).
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2

Quantification of Smooth Muscle Markers

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Human recombinant platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). MiRNA-18a-5p and the miRNA control were purchased from Bioneer Co. (Daejeon, Korea).
Gapdh (sc-32233), syndecan4 (sc-15350), smooth muscle (SM) 22α (sc-373928), and SM α-actin (sc-130617) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Smad2 (#3103) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
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3

TGF-β Signaling Pathway Activation

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Cells were serum-starved overnight and treated with 100pM TGF-β for 60 minutes. Cells were lysed in 2× Laemmli sample buffer, and the proteins were resolved on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel. All primary antibodies (Slug #9585, p-Smad2 #3108, Smad2 #3103, p-Smad3 #9520, Smad3 #9523, p-ERK1/2 #9101, ERK1/2 #9102, p-AKT #4058, AKT #4691, p-p38 #4631, p38 #9212) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA) except for β-actin (Sigma, AA5441) and N-cadherin (#610921) and E-cadherin (#610182) (BD Biosciences). Anti-mouse (#5470) and anti-rabbit (#5151) secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling. Blots were scanned using the LI-COR Odyssey (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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4

TGF-β Signaling Pathway Activation

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Cells were serum-starved overnight and treated with 100pM TGF-β for 60 minutes. Cells were lysed in 2× Laemmli sample buffer, and the proteins were resolved on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel. All primary antibodies (Slug #9585, p-Smad2 #3108, Smad2 #3103, p-Smad3 #9520, Smad3 #9523, p-ERK1/2 #9101, ERK1/2 #9102, p-AKT #4058, AKT #4691, p-p38 #4631, p38 #9212) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA) except for β-actin (Sigma, AA5441) and N-cadherin (#610921) and E-cadherin (#610182) (BD Biosciences). Anti-mouse (#5470) and anti-rabbit (#5151) secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling. Blots were scanned using the LI-COR Odyssey (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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