Conoidin a

Manufactured by Cayman Chemical

Sourced in United States

Conoidin A is a chemical compound used as a research tool in laboratory settings. It is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the plant Centropogon conicus. Conoidin A has documented biological activities, but its specific functions and applications are the subject of ongoing research and investigation.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Menadione, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Tert butyl hydroperoxide tbhp, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Celecoxib, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N acetylcysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Catalase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Vas2870, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Spectramax i3, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions) Ezatiostat, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Disulfiram, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Vincristine, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Bactiter glo microbial cell viability assay reagent, by Promega (1 mentions) Bioassay software, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Snx 2112, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Alamarblue reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Stereotactic frame, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions) Sprague dawley rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions) Microinfusion pump, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions) Affinipure goat anti rabbit igg, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)

10 protocols using conoidin a

Small Molecule Compound Procurement

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Conoidin A was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Adenanthin (ADNT) was obtained from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China). N-acetylcysteine (NAC), menadione (MEN) and celecoxib (CCX), and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as vehicle and its final concentration did not exceed 0.2% v/v.

Szeliga M, & Rola R. (2023). Conoidin A, a Covalent Inhibitor of Peroxiredoxin 2, Reduces Growth of Glioblastoma Cells by Triggering ROS Production. Cells, 12(15), 1934.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Erythrocyte Hemolysis Assay Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

We verified the effect of drug treatments on hemolysis rate of human RBCs as previously described [17 ]. Isolated erythrocytes were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 1:50 (v:v) ratio (in mmol/L: 100 NaCl; 5 KCl; 1 KH₂PO₄; 1.2 MgSO₄; 25 NaHCO₃; 5 d-glucose; 20 Hepes; and 0.01 diethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt, DETC, pH 7.4). Erythrocytes were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h in a V-bottom 96-well plate, using an orbital shaker, with different drugs: 10 μmol/L of 3-AT (3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole; A8056 Sigma); 25 μmol/L of ConoidinA (18080-67-6, Cayman Chemical); 10 μmol/L of H₂O₂; 110 nmol/L GKT137831 (S7171 Selleckchem); 770 nmol/L VAS2870 (Sigma-Aldrich); 50 units/mL of Catalase (C9322, Sigma); 50 units/mL of SOD (S7571 Sigma-Aldrich). As positive control, we incubated RBCs with 20% of Triton X-100. The plate was then centrifuged at 500×g for 5 min to pellet intact RBCs. Supernatant samples were transferred into a clear plate and the absorbance was measured at 541 nm with a Spectramax i3 (Molecular Devices, LLS, USA).

Dei Zotti F., Verdoy R., Brusa D., Lobysheva I.I, & Balligand J.L. (2019). Redox regulation of nitrosyl-hemoglobin in human erythrocytes. Redox Biology, 34, 101399.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Peroxiredoxin Inhibitors and Activators

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Conoidin A, an inhibitor of 2-cystein PRDX1-5 peroxidase activities was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). MJ33 (1-Hexadecyl-3-(trifluoroethyl)-sn-glycero-2-phosphomethanol lithium), competitive inhibitor of the phospholipase A₂ activity of PRDX6 was from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Ezatiostat, a glutathione analog inhibitor of the Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), required for the re-activation of the peroxidase activity of PRDX6, but not other PRDXs, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). All-trans-retinoic acid, H₂O₂ and common reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA).

O’Flaherty C., Boisvert A., Manku G, & Culty M. (2019). Protective Role of Peroxiredoxins against Reactive Oxygen Species in Neonatal Rat Testicular Gonocytes. Antioxidants, 9(1), 32.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Giardicidal Activity and Cytotoxicity Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The following inhibitors were purchased: Canavanine and metronidazole (Sigma Aldrich); vincristine, epigallocatechin gallate, and SNX-2112 (Selleck Chemicals); disulfiram (Tocris); and conoidin A (Cayman Chemical). For assays of giardicidal activity, serial 1:3 dilutions of these compounds were made in 96-well plates, G. lamblia WB or GS/M trophozoites were added, and cultures were grown for 1–2 days at 37°C under anaerobic conditions [29 (link)]. Parasite cell growth and viability were determined by measuring ATP levels with the BacTiter-Glo microbial cell viability assay reagent (Promega) in a microplate reader. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) was derived from the concentration-response curves using BioAssay software (Cambridge soft). Acute human cytotoxicity was assayed with the human epithelial cell line, HeLa (ATCC CCL-2) [29 (link),30 (link)]. Compounds were serially diluted (1:3) and added to HeLa cell cultures in 96-well plates. Cells were grown for two days, and viable cell numbers were determined using AlamarBlue reagent (Invitrogen). As done for the EC50 calculations, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was derived from the normalized concentration-response curves using BioAssay software (Cambridge soft).

Lauwaet T., Miyamoto Y., Ihara S., Le C., Kalisiak J., Korthals K.A., Ghassemian M., Smith D.K., Sharpless K.B., Fokin V.V, & Eckmann L. (2020). Click chemistry-facilitated comprehensive identification of proteins adducted by antimicrobial 5-nitroimidazoles for discovery of alternative drug targets against giardiasis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(4), e0008224.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Basal Ganglia Injection in Rats

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The protocols for these animal procedures were approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Eighty male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (260–340g, Charles River Laboratories, Portage, MI) were used in this study. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg; i.p.) and body temperature was maintained at 37 °C using a feedback-controlled heating pad. Rats were fixed in a stereotactic frame (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA). After midline scalp incision, a cranial burr hole (1mm) was drilled through the skull on the right coronal suture 3.5mm lateral to the midline. A 26-gauge needle was inserted into the right basal ganglia (coordinates: 0.2mm anterior, 5.5mm ventral and 3.5mm lateral to the bregma). Lysed RBCs, saline, heat-inactivated PRX-2 [PRX-2(−)], recombinant PRX-2, lysed RBCs+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or lysed RBCs+conoidin A (in DMSO) were injected using a microinfusion pump (Harvard Apparatus Inc.) at a rate of 1.5 μl/min. The burr hole was filled with bone wax, and the skin sutured closed. The study complies with the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting in vivo experiments. Randomized was carried out using odd/even numbers.
conoidin A, a mammalian PRX-2 inhibitor (Cayman, Ann Arbor) was diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). The final concentration co-injected with lysed RBCs was 50 μM.

Bian L., Zhang J., Wang M., Keep R.F., Xi G, & Hua Y. (2019). Intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in rats: the role of extracellular peroxiredoxin 2. Translational stroke research, 11(2), 288-295.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Stable Cell Line Generation and Antibody Validation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

GripTite HEK293 cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines H838 (ATCC) and H1976 (ATCC) were used for stable cell line generation. Phoenix Ampho cells (ATCC) were used for virus production. All cell lines were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Life Technologies), supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies), 2 mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies), and 50 units/mL of penicillin and streptomycin (Pen-Strep; Life Technologies). In addition, 50 units/mL of Geneticin (Life Technologies) was used for GripTite HEK293 cells. Primary antibodies used in this study were rabbit anti-GFP (green fluorescent protein) (8334; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Prx2 (109367; Abcam), rabbit anti-Prx1 (8499; Cell Signaling), and rabbit anti-Prx-SO₃ (LF-PA0004; AbFrontier). All antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Secondary antibodies used in this study were peroxidase-conjugated AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit IgG (111-035-144; Jackson ImmunoResearch). All chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich, unless stated otherwise. Adenanthin was from Aobious and conoidin A from Cayman Chemicals. Human Prx2 purified from red blood cells was from Abfrontier (YIF-LF-P0007).

Pastor-Flores D., Talwar D., Pedre B, & Dick T.P. (2020). Real-time monitoring of peroxiredoxin oligomerization dynamics in living cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(28), 16313-16323.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Oxidative Stress Protocols: Diverse Treatments

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For H₂O₂ treatments, H₂O₂ was diluted in PBS, then added directly to the media to get the final concentrations indicated in each experiment. The stock of H₂O₂ (Fisher Scientific AAL13235AP) was replaced monthly. Cells were treated with J14 (MedChemExpress, HY-135008) and added directly to the media for a final concentration of 20μM. A stock concentration of 35mM of Conoidin A (Cayman Chemical Item no. 15605) made in DMSO. The stock was diluted in media and then added to cells to obtain the indicated final concentration. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 70% solution in water) was obtained from Acros Organics and diluted in PBS. The TBHP PBS stock was then added directly to media to obtain the indicated final concentration. A stock solution of Menadione (Sigma Aldrich M5625) was made in 100% Ethanol, diluted in media, and then added to cells to obtain the final concentration indicated for each experiment.

Jose E., March-Steinman W., Wilson B.A., Shanks L, & Paek A.L. (2023). Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H2O2 stress. bioRxiv.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Sperm capacitation and PRDX inhibition

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Unless otherwise specified, all chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Modified Tyrode’s medium was used as the basic medium (BM)^{38 (link),41 (link)}. Culture medium was pre-incubated and 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) was added to induce capacitation the day before experiments were started. Conoidin A, a specific PRDX inhibitor, (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and stored at −20 °C. This stock solution was diluted in BM to obtain working concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mM. Glucose oxidase was diluted in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.1) and stored at 0 °C. This stock solution was diluted in BM to obtain working concentrations of 5 and 10 mU for western blot sample preparation.

Ryu D.Y., Kim K.U., Kwon W.S., Rahman M.S., Khatun A, & Pang M.G. (2017). Peroxiredoxin activity is a major landmark of male fertility. Scientific Reports, 7, 17174.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Oxidative Stress Induction Protocols

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For H₂O₂ treatments, H₂O₂ was diluted in PBS, then added directly to the media to get the final concentrations indicated in each experiment. The stock of H₂O₂ (Fisher Scientific AAL13235AP) was replaced monthly. For glucose oxidase (GO) treatments (Sigma, G7141-50KU), the desired concentration of the enzyme was made in sodium acetate (JTBaker, 3460-01) buffer (50 mM) and added directly to the media. For J14 (MedChemExpress, HY-135008), a stock of 10 mM was created in DMSO and added directly to the media for a final concentration of 20 μM. A stock concentration of 35 mM of Conoidin A (Cayman Chemical Item no. 15605) was made in DMSO. The stock was diluted in media and then added to cells to obtain the indicated final concentration. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 70% solution in water) was obtained from Acros Organics and diluted in PBS. The TBHP PBS stock was then added directly to media to obtain the indicated final concentration. A stock solution of Menadione (Sigma Aldrich M5625) was made in 100% Ethanol, diluted in media, and then added to cells to obtain the final concentration indicated for each experiment.

Jose E., March-Steinman W., Wilson B.A., Shanks L., Parkinson C., Alvarado-Cruz I., Sweasy J.B, & Paek A.L. (2024). Temporal coordination of the transcription factor response to H2O2 stress. Nature Communications, 15, 3440.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Oxidative Stress Protocols: Diverse Treatments

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Paek A., Jose E., March-Steinman W., Wilson B, & Shanks L. (2023). Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H2O2 stress. Research Square.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!