Process 11

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany

The Process 11 is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for a variety of applications. It features precise temperature control and monitoring capabilities to support various experimental and analytical workflows.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ingeo biopolymer 7001d, by NatureWorks (2 mentions) Ecoflex f blend c1200, by BASF (2 mentions) Masterflex c l, by Cole-Parmer (2 mentions) Haake minijet 2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Varicut pelletizer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Process 11 Parallel Twin-Screw Extruder Haake Process 11 Thermo Scientific Process 11 Process 11 twin screw extruder 11 mm Process 11™,

31 protocols using process 11

Fabrication of PLLA/Eu3+:HAp Composite Foils

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PLLA/Eu³⁺:HAp composites having 10 wt.% of the fillers were prepared using the Thermo Scientific Process 11 (Waltham, MA, USA) co-rotating twin-screw micro-extruder (D = 20 mm, L/D = 40) with screw rotation speed of 200 min⁻¹ and barrel temperature profile of 200–180 °C (from hopper to die) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The extruder screw geometry was presented in our previous work [44 (link)]. The composites were extruded in a one-step process. PLLA- and Eu³⁺-doped HAp were dried in 80 °C under vacuum for 4 h before compounding. After extrusion, the composites were cooled down in the air and pelletized.
The composites were formed into foils through the casting extrusion technique using the Ultra Micro Cast Film extruder (Labtech Engineering, Sweden/Thailand) having flat die with a width of 75 mm, a conical screw with a diameter ranging from 18 to 8 mm (from hopper to die), L/d = 24, temperature of extrusion of 200 °C and screw speed of 100 rpm. Using these parameters, foils with a thickness of ~100 μm were obtained. The obtained materials are summarized in Table 1.

Szyszka K., Targonska S., Gazinska M., Szustakiewicz K, & Wiglusz R.J. (2019). The Comprehensive Approach to Preparation and Investigation of the Eu3+ Doped Hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide) Nanocomposites: Promising Materials for Theranostics Application. Nanomaterials, 9(8), 1146.

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Extruded Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets

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ARI (20–40% w/w), PVP (60–80% w/w) and SA (0–10% w/w) were blended using a V-shell blender (Maxiblend, GlobePharma) and extruded at 120°C using a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a standard configuration. The screw speed was varied from 80 to 120 RPM. Then, each extrudate was milled into a fine powder using a laboratory grinder and sieved using a #30 ASTM mesh. For the tablets, MCC (microcrystalline cellulose), Ac-Di-Sol (croscarmellose sodium), and MS (magnesium stearate) were chosen as the excipients in a weight ratio of 90:9:1, respectively. A combined 300 mg of formulation and excipients were compressed to make tablets for the dissolution study (Table S1). Each tablet contained 30 mg of drug, which is comparable to the amount of drug in the commercialized product. The compression for the tablets was 35 kg/cm to maintain a breaking force around 10 kp. A single punch tablet press with 10 mm punches was used to compress the tablets.

McFall H., Sarabu S., Shankar V., Bandari S., Murthy S.N., Kolter K., Langley N., Kim D.W, & Repka M.A. (2018). Formulation of aripiprazole-loaded pH-modulated solid dispersions via hot-melt extrusion technology: In vitro and In vivo studies. International journal of pharmaceutics, 554, 302-311.

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Compounding and Extrusion of PLA Composites

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Compounding was performed on a co-rotating parallel twin-screw extruder Process 11 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Karlsruhe, Germany) with a screw diameter of 11 mm and an L/D ratio of 40. Prior to the compounding, PLA granules were cooled in liquid nitrogen and milled on a cutting mill (Rapid Granulier Systeme GmbH & Co.KG, Kleinostheim, Germany). Before the extrusion process, milled PLA was vacuum-dried for 16 h at 80 °C to a moisture content of below 250 ppm. The calcium hydrotalcite was vacuum-dried for 16 h at 150 °C. Stabilisator 7000, Stabaxol P and PolyU were used as delivered. Milled polymer and additives were premixed in a bag and added to a volumetric dosage unit, which was set to a mass throughput of 800 g per hour. The screw speed of the extruder was set to 200 rpm, and the temperature profile was set to increase from 170 °C in the feeding zone to 200 °C in the mixing zones and the die. Vacuum degassing, a water bath and a pelletizer were used.

Hallstein J., Metzsch-Zilligen E, & Pfaendner R. (2024). Enhancing the Hydrolytic Stability of Poly(lactic acid) Using Novel Stabilizer Combinations. Polymers, 16(4), 506.

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Biodegradable Fiber Elaboration from PLA, PBAT, and Cactus Stem

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The methodology for fiber elaboration was proposed by Black-Solis et al. [12 (link)] and Correa-Pacheco et al. [13 (link)]. The fibers were extruded from a mixture of two biodegradable polymers: PLA (IngeoTM Biopolymer 7001D, NatureWorks, LLC, Blair, NE, USA) and PBAT (Ecoflex^® F Blend C1200, BASF, Mexico City, Mexico) in a 60/40 ratio (PLA/PBAT), and cactus stem flour at 3% using canola oil (Valley Foods^®, Michoacán, Mexico) at 4% as a plasticizer. For the extrusion, a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Scientific™, Waltham, MA, USA) was used with a temperature profile of 160/160/170/180/190/190/160 °C. The fibers were then cooled in water. The 60/40 pellets were dried at 60 °C for 24 h in a conventional oven prior to extrusion. A peristaltic pump (MasterFlex C/L, Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) was used for the addition of the cactus stem flour to the second port of the extruder.

Rives-Castillo S.C., Correa-Pacheco Z.N., Corona-Rangel M.L., Hernández-López M., Barrera-Necha L.L., Ventura-Aguilar R.I, & Bautista-Baños S. (2023). The Effect of Netting Bags on the Postharvest Quality, Bioactive and Nutritional Compounds, and the Spoilage Microorganisms Content of Bell Peppers. Foods, 12(10), 2071.

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Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Fenofibrate

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Amorphous solid dispersions of fenofibrate and model polymer with various MWs were prepared using HME technology. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to determine the extrusion processing temperature range. The API and polymer were mixed in a V-cone blender (MaxiBlend^™, GlobePharma) at 30 rpm for 10 min and then extruded with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Process 11, ThermoFisher Scientific) into uniform rod extrudates, at an extrusion processing temperature range based on the formulation composition and a screw speed of 100 rpm. The maximum feed rate utilized was 10 g/min, in order to maintain the torque (%) indicator of the extruder within a safe mode range. The extrudates were milled using a comminuting Fitz Mill (Model#L1A, Fitzpatrick Company, IL) at a rotor speed of 3600 rpm.

Feng X., Vo A., Patil H., Tiwari R.V., Alshetaili A.S., Pimparade M.B, & Repka M.A. (2015). The Effects of Polymer Carrier, Hot Melt Extrusion Process and Downstream Processing Parameters on the Moisture Sorption Properties of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 68(5), 692-704.

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Extrusion of THEO-HPC-SA Filaments

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THEO, HPC, and SA were evenly mixed at a weight ratio of 30:70:7 using a bench-top blender. The mixture was fed and extruded using a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Karlsruhe, Germany). The mixture was extruded at 150 °C for all zones with a standard screw configuration at a screw speed of 50 rpm. A 1.2-mm diameter rod-shaped die was used to prepare filaments. The brittleness and flexibility of the produced filaments were examined manually, and the filament diameter was measured in 5–10 cm intervals with a digital Vernier caliper.

Giri B.R., Song E.S., Kwon J., Lee J.H., Park J.B, & Kim D.W. (2020). Fabrication of Intragastric Floating, Controlled Release 3D Printed Theophylline Tablets Using Hot-Melt Extrusion and Fused Deposition Modeling. Pharmaceutics, 12(1), 77.

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Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites with LDH Fillers

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All the nanocomposites were prepared in a small-scale compounder (Thermo Scientific-Germany, Process 11) with three different ratios of MgFeAl(0), MgFeAl(5), and MgFeAl(10)-LDH as shown in Table 1. The compatibilizer/PP ratio was kept constant in the different formulations. The temperature used was 190 °C and the screw rotation speed was set to 100 rpm. Specimens for tensile strength, impact strength, and fire testing were generated by injection molding using a Dr. Boy 22 A HV (Dr. Boy Machine Incorporation, Germany). The sample names and their LDH/PP amounts are shown in Table 1. The pictures of prepared samples are also shown in Table 1.

Naseem S., Wießner S., Kühnert I, & Leuteritz A. (2021). Layered Double Hydroxide (MgFeAl-LDH)-Based Polypropylene (PP) Nanocomposite: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation. Polymers, 13(19), 3452.

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Extruded Oral Dosage Forms Preparation

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OND, HPMC and PEO and oleic acid were sieved through US #35 mesh screen and blended using a V-shell blender (Maxiblend, Globe Pharma, New Brunswick, NJ). The blends were processed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a modified screw design without an extrusion die (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Karlsruhe). The first mixing zone located at the third zone consisted of 60° elements that would ensure a uniformly powdered mixture. The second mixing zone situated at the sixth zone consisted of 90° elements that would provide a homogenous mixing to the blend. The physical blend was manually fed into the extruder and the screw speed was set at 50 rpm. The temperature of all the zones were heated to 60°C. Milling of the extrudates was performed on a comminuting mill (Fitzpatrick, Model “L1A”; Elmhurst, IL) and further sieved using the US #35 and US #40 sieves. The extrudates retained had particle sizes ranging between 300 to 425 μm. The retained extrudates were stored in foil-lined polyethylene bags until further analysis.

Mendonsa N.S., Thipsay P., Kim D.W., Martin S.T., Zhang F, & Repka M.A. (2017). Bio-adhesive Drug Delivery System for Enhancing the Permeability of a BCS Class III Drug via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech, 18(7), 2639-2647.

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Fabrication of PCL/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

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The PCL pellets were dried for ~24 h at 30 °C in vacuum oven prior melt processing to remove moisture. The PCL/HAP nanocomposites, including neat PCL, were melt processed in twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with L/D of 40. The materials were processed at temperature of 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 60, 40 (die to feed zone). The extruded polymer strands were cooled in water bath, followed by palletisation, then drying at 35 °C for 24 h. The concentration of HAP was varied from 1 to 7 wt.% with respect to PCL, and the sample compositions were as follows: PCL0 (neat PCL), PCL1 (PCL/1 wt.% HAP), PCL3 (PCL/3 wt.% HAP), PCL5 (PCL/5 wt.% HAP), and PCL7 (PCL/7 wt.% HAP).

Motloung M.P., Mofokeng T.G, & Ray S.S. (2021). Viscoelastic, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Processed Poly (ε-Caprolactone) (PCL)/Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Composites. Materials, 15(1), 104.

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Extrusion of ARP with Coformers

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The physical mixture (PM) of ARP and its coformers (SA and NA) with 2.5% poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was passed through a US #30 mesh sieve and blended using a Maxiblend blender (GlobePharma, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA) at 25 rpm for 10 min. Then, the blended PM was fed into an 11 mm corotating twin screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) at a feed rate of 0.4 g/min and screw speed of 50 rpm using a varied screw configuration of three mixing zones (high shear) and two mixing zones (low shear). ARP was extruded individually with each coformer under similar processing conditions to understand the extrusion feasibility of plain ARP with individual coformers. The extruder barrel temperature was operated at 105°C (ARP-NA) and 125°C (ARP-SA). During the extrusion process, the torque values were monitored throughout each run. The extrudate product obtained after the extrusion process was stored in a vacuum desiccator until further analysis.

Butreddy A., Almutairi M., Komanduri N., Bandari S., Zhang F, & Repka M.A. (2021). Multicomponent crystalline solid forms of aripiprazole produced via hot melt extrusion techniques: An exploratory study. Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 63, 102529.

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