Naringenin

Quercetin, scutellarin, cynaroside, naringin, hesperidin, diosmetin, luteolin, hesperitin, apigenin, naringenin, rutin, wogonin, and sophoricoside were purchased from Chengdu Must Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Baicalein was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The purity of all the natural products was ≥98%. The reference standard of adenosine (purity >99%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Shanghai, China). M⁶A (purity 97%) was purchased from J&K Chemical (Shanghai, China).

Reference substance: 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PS020247, purity: 98.0%), coniferyl ferulate (PS011045, purity: 95.0%), benzoylpaeoniflorin (PS000157, purity: 98.0%), methyl gallate (PS020247, purity: 98.0%), isoliquiritin apioside (PS020153, purity: 98.0%), isoliquiritin (PS012517, purity: 98.0%) were purchased from Chengdu Pusi Biotechnology Co., LTD; ferulic acid (110773–201313, purity: 99.6%), hesperidin (110721–201617, purity: 96.1%), liquiritin (111610–201908, purity: 95.0%), caffeic acid (110773–201614, purity: 99.0%), rutin (100080–201811, purity: 91.7%), chlorogenic acid (110753–201817, purity: 96.8%), gallic acid (110831–201204, purity: 89.9%), and narirutin (112007–201602, purity: 90.8%) were purchased from the China National Institute for Food and Drug Control; liquiritigenin (MUST-17022104, purity: 99.07%), glycyrrhizic acid (MUST-17022104, purity: 99.65%), albiflorin (MUST-18041601, purity: 99.14%), neochlorogenic acid (MUST-12113001, purity: 98.00%), and naringenin (MUST-16032406, purity: 99.18%) purchased from Chengdu MUST Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Methanol, formic acid, and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Merck (Merck & Co., Inc.). Distilled water is supplied by Watsons (A. S. Watson TM Limited).

Stenoloma chusanum was collected from Fujian (23°54′N, 118°379′E), Guangdong (23°72′N,113°04′E), Guizhou (25°19′N, 107°17′E), Yunnan (25°11′N, 99°17′E), Hunan (26°22′N, 111°63′E), Zhejiang (28°66′N, 121°42′E), and Guangxi (22°64′N, 110°14′E), respectively. Leaves, roots, and stems were collected. N. benthamiana were grown under normal conditions with a light/dark photoperiod of 16-h/8-h at a temperature of 25 °C.
Naringenin, eriodictyol, phloretin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, and isoorientin were obtained from Chengdu Must Biotechnology (Chengdu, China). The UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP- glucuronic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). 2-hydroxyNaringenin and 2-hydroxyeriodictyol were synthesized by a plant CjFNS I/F2H following a published procedure [42 (link)].