Accu chek glucose monitor

Glucose tolerance test (GTT) in mice was carried out after TM treatment for 24 h, and mice were injected intraperitoneally 1.2 mg glucose/g body weight after overnight fasting. Blood glucose levels were assessed using the Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche Diagnostics Corp., Pleasanton, CA, USA) before the injection and then at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min post injection. Serum insulin and adiponectin levels were measured using ELISA kits from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), per supplier's protocols. Serum FFAs and glucose were measured using the Free Fatty Acid Quantification kit and Glucose Assay kit from Abcam, respectively.
The measurement of protein levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α were conducted using the commercial ELISA kits from Abcam according to the manufacturer's instructions.

All SD rats were fasted overnight for 16 h (5 p.m. to 9 a.m.) followed by i.p. injection of 50% D-glucose normal saline solution (China Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China) at 2 g/kg body weight. Blood samples for glucose measurements were obtained from the tail vein at the indicated times with an Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).

The rats were fasted for 16 h (1700–0900 hours) with free access to drinking water and then injected intraperitoneally with d-glucose (2.0 g/kg body weight) for glucose tolerance test (GTT). Blood glucose levels were measured before the injection and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection using an Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche Diagnostics Corp., Indianapolis, IN, USA). Female rats were fasted for 4 h (0900–1300 hours), with free access to drinking water, and injected intraperitoneally with insulin (1 U/kg body weight; Humulus; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA) for the insulin tolerance test (ITT). Blood glucose levels were measured before the injection and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after insulin injection.

Following an overnight fasting for 16 h, 50% d-glucose solution (2 g/kg B.W.) was injected intraperitoneally. Blood samples of rats were obtained from the tail vein, and the glucose levels were measured at indicated times using an Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).

Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted at the 6th week. GTT procedure was reported previously^{35 (link)}. ITT was carried out as follows: Mice were fasted for 4 h (9:00 A.M. to 1:00 P.M.) and insulin (1 U/kg Humulin R; Novo Nordisk) was administered intraperitoneally. The blood glucose levels were measured immediately before and after 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of insulin injection with an Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA).

For glucose tolerance test (GTT), the mice were fasted for 16 h from the 5:00 pm to the next day at 9:00 am with free access to drinking water. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were recorded before mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10% D-glucose (w/v) (1.0 g/kg body weight). Blood glucose levels were measured at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after D-glucose injection with an Accu-Chek glucose monitor (Roche Diagnostics Corp, Rotkreuz, Switzerland). After three days, for the insulin tolerance test (ITT), the mice were fasted for 4 h (08:00–12:00) with free access to drinking water, then intraperitoneally injected with insulin (1 U/kg body weight) (Humulin; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Blood glucose levels were measured before and at 15, 30, and 60 min after insulin injection.