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3 protocols using grp94

1

Protein Extraction and Detection

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Leupeptin, pepstain, aprotinin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), dithiothreitol (DTT), Triton X-100 (TX100), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), propidium iodide and other chemicals, as well as antibodies to beta-actin, Iba-1, and GFAP were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Antibodies to Hsp40, Hsp70, Hsp90, Grp78, Grp94, calnexin, and PDI were purchased from Stressgen Biotechnologies, Inc. (San Diego, CA). Active caspase 3 and HSF1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Tech (Danvers, MA). Secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs (West Grove, PA).
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Lysates of tissues from individual mice were extracted by 3 freeze-thaw cycles followed by homogenization in ice-cold radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (50 mmol/l Tris-Cl, 150 mmol/l NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% SDS) containing cocktails of proteinase inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche), and centrifuged for 15 min at 13,000 g. Proteins were separated by 8% or 12% SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Pall), and subjected to Western blotting10 (link). Primary antibodies included GRP78, GRP94, CNX and CRT (1:2,000; Stressgen), and β-actin (1:5,000; Sigma). Western blotting was repeated two to four times and signal intensities were measured using the Quantity One system (Bio-Rad).
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3

Polyclonal Antibody Generation and Reagent Sources

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Polyclonal antibodies against Igα, Derlin-1, Derlin-2, BiP, and PDI were generated in rabbits. Antibodies against TCL1 (Cell Signaling), IRE-1 (Cell Signaling), XBP-1 (Cell Signaling), Syk (Cell Signaling), phospho-Syk (Tyr525/526) (Cell Signaling), AKT (Cell Signaling), phospho-AKT (Ser473) (Invitrogen), ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (Cell Signaling), GRP94 (Stressgen), p97 (Fitzgerald), actin (Sigma), phospho-Igα (Tyr182) (Cell Signaling), mouse μ (SouthernBiotech), human μ (SouthernBiotech), and phosphotyrosine (4G10; Millipore) were obtained commercially. Anti-μ Fab and F(ab′)2 were purchased from SouthernBiotech. LPS (Sigma), CpG-1826 oligodeoxynucleotides (TIB-Molbiol), CFSE (Biolegend), and Ultra-LEAFTM purified anti-mouse CD3ε (145-2C11) and anti-mouse CD28 (37.51) antibodies were also obtained commercially. We developed and chemically synthesized the IRE-1 RNase inhibitor, B-I09 (27 (link)).
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