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Bupropion

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Bupropion is a chemical compound primarily used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in certain prescription medications. It functions as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which can influence neurotransmitter levels in the brain. The core function of Bupropion is to serve as a key component in the formulation of various therapeutic products, though its specific applications and intended uses are not included in this factual description.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Optima grade acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) R bupropion, by LGC (1 mentions) S bupropion, by LGC (1 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydroxybupropion, by LGC (1 mentions) Chlorzoxazone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tolbutamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydroxytolbutamide, by LGC (1 mentions) Dodecanoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 6 hydroxychlorzoxazone, by LGC (1 mentions) 1 hydroxymidazolam d4, by Cerilliant (1 mentions) Phenylmethanesulfonyl pmsf, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Midazolam, by Cerilliant (1 mentions) Phenacetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Xevo tq s tandem mass spectrometer, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Diclofenac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

4 protocols using bupropion

1

Quantification of Bupropion Metabolites

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Bupropion, R-Bupropion, S-Bupropion, OH-Bupropion, R,R-OH-Bupropion, S,S-OH-Bupropion, threohydroBupropion, erythrohydroBupropion, Bupropion-d9, OH-Bupropion-d6, and threohydroBupropion-d9 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). 4′-OH-Bupropion, threo-4′-OH-hydroBupropion, and erythro-4′-OH-hydroBupropion were synthesized as previously described (Sager et al., 2016 ). Hydrochloric acid, formic acid, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Optima grade acetonitrile, methanol, water, and pooled human liver microsomes (Gibco, mixed gender, n = 50) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Pooled S9 fractions (n = 20, mixed gender) and recombinant P450 enzymes coexpressed with cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5 were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). CYP2B6 inhibitory monoclonal antibody (MAB-CYP2B6) was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY).
Sager J.E., Price L.S, & Isoherranen N. (2016). Stereoselective Metabolism of Bupropion to OH-bupropion, Threohydrobupropion, Erythrohydrobupropion, and 4′-OH-bupropion in vitro. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 44(10), 1709-1719.
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2

Serotonin and Bupropion Preparations

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Stock of serotonin (2 mM 5-HT, serotonin creatinine sulfate monohydrate; Acros Organics, New Jersey, NJ) and bupropion (100 mM, Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc., North York, Canada) were prepared in distilled water. Hydroxybupropion (100 mM, Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc., North York, Canada) was dissolved in DMSO. All solutions were made in oocyte ringer solution (OR-2) immediately before conducting experiments.
Stuebler A.G, & Jansen M. (2020). Bupropion Inhibits Serotonin Type 3AB Heteromeric Channels at Clinically Relevant Concentrations. Molecular Pharmacology, 97(3), 171-179.
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3

Analytical reference standards for pharmacokinetics

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Ebastine, hydroxyebastine, carboxyebastine, desalkylebastine, hydroxyebastine-d5, carebastine-d5, desalkylebastine-d5, bufuralol, hydroxybufuralol, hydroxybufuralol-d9, repaglinide, 2-despiperidyl-2-amino repaglinide (M1), 3′-hydroxyrepaglinide (M4), bupropion, hydroxubupropion, hydroxybupropion-d5, hydroxytolbutamide, carboxytolbutamide, 1′-hydroxytolbutaminde-d9, 4′-carboxytolbutamide-d9, 4-hydroxyMidazolam, 4-hydroxyMidazolam-d5, 6-hydroxyChlorzoxazone and 12-hydroxydodecanoic-d20 acid were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). HydroxyChlorzoxazone-d2 was obtained from TLC PharmaChem (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Midazolam and 1′-hydroxyMidazolam-d4 were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Road, TX, USA). Chlorzoxazone, tolbutamide, dodecanoic acid, β-Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trishydroxymethylaminomethame (TRIS), and phenylmethanesulfonyl (PMSF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethynediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and dithiothreitol were obtained from Bishop (Burlington, ON, Canada) and from Gibco®, Life Technologies Ltd. (Eugene, OR, USA), respectively. All other chemicals used were commercially available and were of analytical grade.
Maximos S., Chamoun M., Gravel S., Turgeon J, & Michaud V. (2017). Tissue Specific Modulation of cyp2c and cyp3a mRNA Levels and Activities by Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Liver and Extra-Hepatic Tissues. Pharmaceutics, 9(4), 40.
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4

Metabolic Activity Profiling of hiPSC-derived Hepatocytes

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Activities of the pharmacologically relevant CYP isoenzymes CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 were measured in (1) undifferentiated hiPSC, (2) HLC differentiated in 2D cultures or (3) 3D bioreactors, and (4) PHH cultures (24 h after seeding) serving as control. The cells were incubated with a cocktail containing phenacetin (Sigma) as a substrate for CYP1A2, bupropion (Toronto Research Chemicals) as a substrate for CYP2B6, diclofenac as a substrate for CYP2C9, and midazolam as a substrate for CYP3A4/5 (both from Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h subsequent to substrate application. An overview of the used substrates, their final concentrations, and the corresponding CYP isoenzymes is provided in Table 1.
Formed metabolites (acetaminophen, 6-OH-bupropion, 4-OH-diclofenac, 1-OH-midazolam) were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Deuterated 1-OH-midazolam was added as an internal standard. Separation was carried out using an Acquity UPLC C18 column and eluted fractions were directly passed through a Xevo TQ-S tandem mass spectrometer (both from Waters Corp.). Acquired data were processed with Thermo Xcaliber 20 software (Thermo Scientific).
Freyer N., Knöspel F., Strahl N., Amini L., Schrade P., Bachmann S., Damm G., Seehofer D., Jacobs F., Monshouwer M, & Zeilinger K. (2016). Hepatic Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Perfused Three-Dimensional Multicompartment Bioreactor. BioResearch Open Access, 5(1), 235-248.
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