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2 protocols using uk5099

1

Promoting Cell Differentiation and Proliferation

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The rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) to promote the cell differentiation and epidermal growth factor (EGF) originally used to promote the cell proliferation5 (link),7 (link) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (SB2) from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI) was used to block the cell senescence. SB431543 (SB4), originally thought to block the negative effect of transforming growth factor-β on cultures,5 (link),7 (link) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium–high glucose and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Gibco Industries Inc. (Langley, OK), and plastic culture plates were obtained from Corning (Corning, Inc., Corning, NY). Oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP), rotenone and antimycin, UK5099, Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1.3.4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES), and etomoxir were purchased from Agilent Technologies.
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2

Cellular Substrate Oxidation Assessment

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Cellular substrate oxidation was assessed by measuring the changes in OCR when specifically blocking three of the primary substrates that fuel mitochondria. Etomoxir (103672-100; Agilent Technologies) blocks long-chain fatty acids by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a; UK5099 (103673-100; Agilent Technologies) blocks pyruvate by inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; and BPTES (103674-100; Agilent Technologies) blocks glutamine by inhibiting glutaminase 1. We performed the assay by following the manufacturer’s instructions and the combined pathway inhibitors with the Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit (103015-100; Agilent Technologies) in a XFe96 Seahorse analyzer (Agilent Technologies), as described above. Data were analyzed with Seahorse Analytics software. Data shown are the most representative of three biological replicates. The OCR values were normalized to 104 cells with the CyQUANT Direct Cell Proliferation Assay.
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