Chlordane

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Chlordane is a synthetic organic compound that is used as an insecticide. It is a white, crystalline solid with a mild, pungent odor. Chlordane is primarily used to control termites, fire ants, and other soil-dwelling insects.

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Trans-chlordane (4 citations) Cis-chlordane (3 citations)

5 protocols using chlordane

Evaluating GJ Blocker Effects

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GJ blockers: α-Chlordane, -Chlordane, Chlordane (technical mix), and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). All compounds were dissolved in DMSO and stored as 10 mM stock. The cellpermeable cAMP analog 8-CPT-cAMP was from Biolog (Hayward, CA). None of the compounds are cytotoxic.

Dukic A.R., McClymont D.W, & Taskén K. (2017). A Cell-Based High-Throughput Assay for Gap Junction Communication Suitable for Assessing Connexin 43-Ezrin Interaction Disruptors Using IncuCyte ZOOM. SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 22(1).

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Mixture of Five Organochlorine Pesticides

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Five OCPs substances, including chlordane (CAS No. 12789-03-6, 409.78 molecular weight (MW)), heptachlor (CAS No. 76-44-8, 373.32 MW), p,p’-DDT (CAS No. 50-29-3, 353.49 MW), β-HCH (CAS No. 319-85-7, 290.83 MW), and HCB (CAS No. 118-74-1, 284.78 MW), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and as a solvent 0.1% of itself was included in all groups including a control group. The five OCPs were mixed with 1:1:1:1:1 equal ratio on μg/L, their detected concentrations were addressed in prior study [20 (link)]. A ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 was applied based on the results that inhibition of glucose metabolism was similar in 5 OCPs [25 (link),26 (link)].

Gao Y., Lee H., Lee S, & Kim K.T. (2022). Type 2 Diabetes Induced by Changes in Proteomic Profiling of Zebrafish Chronically Exposed to a Mixture of Organochlorine Pesticides at Low Concentrations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 4991.

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Extraction and Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Standard OCPs including pp-DDT, pp-DDD, pp-DDE, α HCH, γ HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, endrin, chlordane, methoxychlor, and HCB were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Germany). Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, n-hexane, acetonitrile, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and methylene chloride were bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Florisil (PR Grade, 60–100 mesh) was purchased from Silica (Silica Co., USA). All solvents were of pesticide residue grade and subjected to a solvent purity test for residue analysis suitability. Florisil was activated at 130°C for 24 h and cooled to room temperature.

Raslan A.A., Elbadry S, & Darwish W.S. (2018). Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt. Journal of Toxicology, 2018, 3821797.

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Immunoassay Development for Organochlorine Pesticides

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Endosulfan, toxaphene, chlordane, heptachlor, hypoxanthine aminopterin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA), carbodiimide (EDC), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, chloroauric acid (HAuCl3·4H₂O), trisodium citrate, thymidine medium (HAT) and hypoxanthine-thymidine medium (HT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and Freund’s complete and incomplete adjuvant were acquired from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Immunogen and coating antigen were prepared in our laboratory. All other reagents were acquired from the National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
The microplate reader (1201–7044) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. (USA). The CT300 CNC strip cutting machine, HM3030 XYZ three-dimensional dispensing platform, ZQ3500 CNC fast chopping machine were obtained from shanghai Kinbio Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (USA).

Zhou X., Guan S., Li N., Zhou J., Pan W, & Wang Y. (2023). Development of Indirect Competitive ELISA and Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Endosulfan Detection Based on a Monoclonal Antibody. Foods, 12(4), 736.

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Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Reagent-grade or pesticide-grade (α-Lindane, Hexachlorobenzene, Dimethoate, Heptachlor, aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, endosulfan I, profenofos, 4,4’-DDE (Dichloro-diphenyldichloroethylene), endosulfan II, 4,4’-DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), 4,4’-DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and Methoxychlor) chemicals used in all tests were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Standard solutions (stock, composite, calibration, and surrogate (analyte) were stored at < 6 °C in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-sealed containers in the dark. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), n-hexane, acetonitrile (CH₃CN), ethyl acetate (C₄H₈O₂), glacial acetic acid (CH₃COOH), Bondesil-primary secondary amine (PSA, 40 μm) and sodium acetate (NaCH₃COO) were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany).

Wondimu K.T, & Geletu A.K. (2023). Residue analysis of selected organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in commercial tomato fruits by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Heliyon, 9(3), e14121.

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