Human cd44 fitc

The human BMSCs (hBMSC) and the 293 T cell line were all purchased from BeNa Culture Collection (Beijing, China), maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle’s medium) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 4 mM L-glutamine, and sodium pyruvate, and incubated in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C. Then the cells were digested and incubated with specific antibodies for identification of surface markers. To verify the MSC, we selected human CD44-FITC and CD90 FITC (all from BD, San Jose, CA) as the antibodies for surface markers. A BD Influx cell sorter (BD) was used to perform flow cytometry.

TM was purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Matrigel and collagen type I were purchased from Corning (Bedford, MA, USA). Human TGF‐beta1 Quantikine ELISA Kit was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). DAPI and pyrvinium were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phalloidin was purchased from Yuheng Biotechnology (Suzhou, China). Glycogen Periodic Acid Schiff stain kit was purchased from Solarbio Life Sciences. Puromycin was purchased from BioFroxx (Guangzhou, China). X‐tremeGENE transfection reagent was purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). Antibodies used were as follows: human CD44–FITC and CD24–phycoerythrin and their respective isotype controls were obtained from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). β‐Catenin was purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). VE‐cadherin, integrin β1, BiP, CHOP, Smad2/3, Phospho‐Smad2, Phospho‐β‐Catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) and Phospho‐β‐Catenin (Ser675) were purchased from Cell Signaling. Bmi‐1 was purchased from Epitomics (Burlingame, CA, USA). Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) encoding β‐Catenin and scramble control shRNA were purchased from TsingKe Biological Technology (Chengdu, China).