Tumor necrosis factor alpha

The following reagents were obtained from Sigma, France: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), Interferon gamma (IFNγ), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), olive oil, Concanavalin A (ConA), ammonium molybdate, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium phosphate, Vitamin C and silymarin. Methylprednisolone (MP) was obtained from Pfizer, France.

C2C12 murine myoblast cell line was purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin-Amphotericin B (PSA), 0.5% trypsin–EDTA, and 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) were obtained from Gibco-Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Insulin, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, phosphatase inhibitor cocktail, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Protein concentrations in each sample were quantified using a Bio-Rad DC Protein Assay kit (Hercules, CA, USA). The prestained protein marker for SDS-PAGE was from Bioman Sci. Co. LTD (New Taipei City, Taiwan). The antibody of β-actin, anti-phosphorylated IR, anti-phosphorylated IRS-1, anti-phosphorylated Akt, and anti-GLUT4 were purchased from cell signaling technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The band density was quantified using the analysis software Quantity One 1-D (Hercules, CA, USA).