Mfp3d infinity asylum research afm

AFM analysis was conducted with an MFP3D Infinity-Asylum Research AFM in tapping mode (Oxford Instruments PLC, Oxfordshire, UK). Briefly, cells were seeded onto the 10 mm glass coverslip and cultured in a 6-well culture plate for 24 h. Subsequently, cells were inoculated with PDCoV (MOI = 10) and incubated at 4 °C for 1 h. After washing, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS. Imaging was performed with uncoated silicon cantilevers AC160TS-R3 from Oxford Instruments PLC, with a tip radius of 7 nm, resonance frequency of approximately 200–300 kHz, and a spring constant of 8.4–57 k (N/m). Images with a scan size of 1 × 1 μm2/4.5 × 4.5 μm²/20 × 20 μm² and resolution 512 × 512 pixels² were obtained with scan rates between 0.6 and 1.0 Hz and set points close to 0.2 V. AFM images were analyzed offline in AFM software (Ergo; Oxford Instruments PLC, Oxfordshire, UK).