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Gemcitabine hydrochloride

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Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a nucleoside analog with antineoplastic properties. It is a synthetic pyrimidine deoxynucleoside in which the hydrogen atom on the 2' carbon has been replaced by a fluorine atom.

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Lab products found in correlation

Kieselgel 60 f254, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Triethanolamine teoa, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Copper 2 gluconate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 myristoyl 2 stearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Paclitaxel, by LC Laboratories (1 mentions) 3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin pen strep, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Doxorubicin hydrochloride dox, by LC Laboratories (1 mentions) Methyl cellulose, by Junsei (1 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Erlotinib hydrochloride, by LC Laboratories (1 mentions) Imidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 4 dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cathepsin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N n diisopropylcarbodiimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N n diisopropylethylamine dipea, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N ethyl n 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cell meter tunel apoptosis assay kit, by AAT Bioquest (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)

6 protocols using gemcitabine hydrochloride

1

Synthesis and Purification of NMR-Active Compounds

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The 1H (400 MHz), 13C (100 MHz), or 19F (376 MHz) NMR spectra were recorded at ambient temperature in MeOH-d4, unless otherwise noted. The reactions involving non-radioactive materials were followed by TLC with Merck Kieselgel 60-F254 sheets and products were detected with a 254 nm UV lamps. Column chromatography was performed using Merck Kieselgel 60 (230–400 mesh). Perkin Elmer high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for purifying both the non-complexed and complexed compounds on RP-C18 semi-preparative Phenomenex Gemini or preparative XTerra columns with mobile phase and flow rate as indicated. High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were obtained with a Solarix instrument (FT-MS). The SCN-Bn-NOTA and NODA-GA(tBu)3 bifunctional chelators were purchased from Macrocyclics Inc, TX, USA and CheMatech, Dijon, France, respectively. Gemcitabine hydrochloride was purchased from LC Laboratories, MA, USA. All other reagent grade chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Pulido J., de Cabrera M., Sobczak A.J., Amor-Coarasa A., McGoron A.J, & Wnuk S.F. (2018). 4-N-Alkanoyl and 4-N-Alkyl Gemcitabine Analogues with NOTA Chelators for 68-Gallium Labelling. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 26(21), 5624-5630.
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2

Lipid-based Nanocarrier Formulations

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1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(Lyso-PPC), 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(Lyso-SPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC),
1,2-disteraroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC),
1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MPPC),
1-myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MSPC),
and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy
polyetheneglycol-2000 (DSPE-PEG2k) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc.
(Alabaster, AL). Triethanolamine (TEOA) and copper (II) gluconate were purchased
from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Gemcitabine hydrochloride was purchased from LC
Laboratories (Woburn, MA).
KPC (mT4) cells were a gift from Dr. David Tuveson (Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY). KPC cells were cultured in
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 4500 mg/L glucose,
L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate (# 11995, Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) and
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.
The neu deletion (NDL) metastatic mammary carcinoma cell line
was a gift from Dr. Alexander Borowsky (University of California- Davis, Davis,
CA). NDL cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal
bovine serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 0.584 g/L L-glutamine and 0.110 g/L
sodium pyruvate. All cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified 5%
CO2 incubator.
Tucci S.T., Kheirolomoom A., Ingham E.S., Mahakian L.M., Tam S.M., Foiret J., Hubbard N.E., Borowsky A.D., Baikoghli M., Cheng R.H, & Ferrara K.W. (2019). Tumor-specific delivery of gemcitabine with activatable liposomes. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 309, 277-288.
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3

Formulation and Characterization of Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine Liposomes

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1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and N-(carbonylmethoxypolyethyleneglycol with MW = 2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sodium salt (DSPE-mPEG2000) (GMP grade) were purchased from Corden Pharma (Liestal, Switzerland). Paclitaxel (>99.5%), gemcitabine free form (>99%), and gemcitabine hydrochloride (>99%) were purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). All other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade or higher. 4T1 cell line transfected and verified to express luciferase and green fluorescence protein (GFP) (referred to as 4T1-luc) was kindly provided by Stanley Riddell laboratory [12 ], Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Mu Q., Yu J., Griffin J.I., Wu Y., Zhu L., McConnachie L.A, & Ho R.J. (2020). Novel drug combination nanoparticles exhibit enhanced plasma exposure and dose-responsive effects on eliminating breast cancer lung metastasis. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0228557.
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4

Graphite Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy

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Graphite powder (4827) was sourced from Asbury Graphite Mills (Lumberton, NC). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and Gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM) were obtained from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). The Max8 peptide (VKVKVKVK VDPPTKVEVKVKV-NH2),63 (link),74 (link),75 (link) where DP represents d-Proline and −NH2 indicates an amidated C-terminus, was obtained from Genscript (Nanjing, China) at >95% purity. 1,1-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), ethylenediamine (EDA), tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN), acetic anhydride (Ac2O), benzylamine (BA), succinic anhydride (SA), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Triple negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Genesee Scientific (San Diego, CA). Penicillin Streptomycin (Pen Strep) was obtained from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade or higher.
Schneible J.D., Shi K., Young A.T., Ramesh S., He N., Dowdey C.E., Dubnansky J.M., Lilova R.L., Gao W., Santiso E., Daniele M, & Menegatti S. (2020). Modified gaphene oxide (GO) particles in peptide hydrogels: a hybrid system enabling scheduled delivery of synergistic combinations of chemotherapeutics. Journal of materials chemistry. B, 8(17), 3852-3868.
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Gemcitabine, Erlotinib, and Metabolites

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Gemcitabine hydrochloride and erlotinib hydrochloride were purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). 2′,2′-Difluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (dFdU) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (North York, ON, Canada). Desmethyl erlotinib was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Hyangsayukgunja-tang (HYT) was obtained from Hankook Shinyak Corp. (Nonsan, Chungnam, Korea). Carboxy methyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and methyl cellulose (MC) were obtained from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Acetonitrile and distilled water (all HPLC grades) were purchased from J.T. Baker, Inc. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and formic acid was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI, USA).
Kim T.H., Shin S., Kim S., Bulitta J.B., Weon K.Y., Joo S.H., Ma E., Yoo S.D., Park G.Y., Kwon D.R., Jeong S.W., Lee D.Y, & Shin B.S. (2017). Alterations in Pharmacokinetics of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib by Concurrent Administration of Hyangsayukgunja-Tang, a Gastroprotective Herbal Medicine. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 22(9), 1515.
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6

Synthesis and Evaluation of PEGylated Gemcitabine Conjugates

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Gemcitabine hydrochloride was obtained from LC Laboratories (Woburn,
MA). Retinoic acid, imidazole, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMS-Cl),
dimethyl sulfoxide, triethylamine, pyrene,
N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl),
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), tetrabutylammonium fluoride solution 1.0 M in
THF, cytidine deaminase, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT), N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide,
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and Cathepsin B was
purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Methoxy polyethyleneglycol 750 was
obtained from Fisher Scientific (Santa Clara, CA). Methoxy-PEG2k-cholesterol
(CholPEG) was purchased from Nano CS (Boston, MA). Anhydrous dimethylformamide
was obtained from Acros Organics (Fair Law, NJ). The Cell Meter ™ TUNEL
Apoptosis Assay kit was purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA).
Kakwere H., Ingham E.S., Tumbale S.K, & Ferrara K.W. (2020). Gemcitabine-retinoid prodrug loaded nanoparticles display in vitro antitumor efficacy towards drug-resilient human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 117, 111251.
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