1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine

Manufactured by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used as a model system for the study of lipid membranes and their properties. It has a molecular formula of C40H80NO8P and is composed of two palmitoyl fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, with a phosphocholine head group.

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Lab products found in correlation

200 protocols using 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine

Chitosan-based Nanomaterial Synthesis

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Chitosan, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), succinic anhydride, Pluronic^® F127 and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were purchased from Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). All other reagent grade chemicals and solvents were used as received and were obtained from commercial sources.

Olguín Y., Campos C., Catalán J., Velásquez L., Osorio F., Montenegro I., Madrid A, & Acevedo C. (2017). Effects of Liposomes Contained in Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Biomaterials Useful in Neural Tissue Engineering. Materials, 10(10), 1122.

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Lipid Bilayer Formation and Characterization

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The lipids used in the study were 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids; porcine globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ) was purchased from Matreya LLC. The Shiga toxin B unit (STxB) was supplied by Prof. Ludger Johannes, Institut Curie, UMR144 Curie/ CNRS, Paris, France. 8 All lipids were dissolved in methanol before sample preparation. All used chemicals were of HPLC grade quality and Milli-Q water was used for the buffer preparation. HEPES buffer (5 mM, 150 mM NaCl), pH7.0 was prepared by mixing HEPES acid, HEPES base and NaCl components. Muscovite mica from Plano GmbH (Germany) was cut into approx. 10 Â 10 mm 2 pieces, freshly cleaved, and used as a substrate.

Solovyeva V., Johannes L, & Simonsen A.C. (2015). Shiga toxin induces membrane reorganization and formation of long range lipid order. Soft matter, 11(1).

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Lipid Stock Solution Preparation

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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (POPG), and cholesterol (chol) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as dry powders and used as supplied. Stock solutions of phospholipids and cholesterol were prepared by weighing powder directly into a volumetric flask and dissolving in HPLC-grade chloroform; two tightly bound water molecules per phospholipid were assumed present in calculations of molar concentrations. Stocks were stored at −80°C until use. Ultrapure H₂O was obtained from a Milli-Q IC 7000 purification system (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA).

Heberle F.A., Welsch D., Scott H.L, & Waxham M.N. (2022). Optimization of cryo-electron microscopy for quantitative analysis of lipid bilayers. Biophysical Reports, 3(1), 100090.

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Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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2-(aminomethyl)butanedioic acid hydrochloride was purchased from Enamine (Monmouth Jct., NJ). Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (BOC anhydride), Triethylamine (TEA), 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HATU), N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) N,N’-Di-Boc-L-histidine dicyclohexylammonium salt, Nalpha,Nepsilon-Di-Boc-L-lysine and cholesterol were purchased from Fischer Scientific (Pittsburg, PA). 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-mPEG(2000)) was purchased from Nanocs Inc (New York, NY). 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. Luciferase siRNA (5’-CUUACGCUGAGUACUUCGAtt-3’), human IKKα siRNA (5′-GGAGAUCUCCGAAAGCUGCtt-3′), human IKBKE siRNA (5′-GGUCUUCAACACUACCAGCtt-3′), mouse IKBKE siRNA (5’-GGUCUUCAACUCAGCCAGCtt-3) and Lipofectamine^® 2000 were ordered from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). 2-(p-toluidino)-6-naphthalene sulfonic acid (TNS) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay kit and ONE-Glo^™ luciferase assay system were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI)

Palacios J.L., Zaror I., Martínez P., Uribe F., Opazo P., Socías T., Gidekel M, & Venegas A. (2001). Subset of Hybrid Eukaryotic Proteins Is Exported by the Type I Secretion System of Erwinia chrysanthemi. Journal of Bacteriology, 183(4), 1346-1358.

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Lipid-based Nanoparticle Delivery of Anti-cancer Agents

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Paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel (DTX) and lomustine (CCNU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich with purity over 99% (St. Louis, MO). ApoA-I mimetic peptides 22A (PVLDLFRELLNELLEALKQKLK) were synthesized by Genscript Inc. (Piscataway, NJ). The purity of peptide was determined to be over 95% by the reverse phase HPLC. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and egg sphingomyelin (SM) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Fluorescent dyes (DiO and DiR) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Additional reagents used were of analytical grade and obtained from commercial suppliers.

Kadiyala P., Li D., Nuñez F.M., Altshuler D., Doherty R., Kuai R., Yu M., Kamran N., Edwards M., Moon J.J., Lowenstein P.R., Castro M.G, & Schwendeman A. (2019). High Density Lipoprotein-Mimicking Nanodiscs for Chemo-Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS nano, 13(2), 1365-1384.

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Lipid Membrane Composition Analysis

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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(DOPE), phosphoinositol (PI),1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DOPS), and cardiolipin (CL) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc (Alabaster, AL). 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiIC-18(3)) was purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, OR). All other necessary chemicals were obtained from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and Merck (Mumbai, India).

Sannigrahi A., Chowdhury S., Das B., Banerjee A., Halder A., Kumar A., Saleem M., Naganathan A.N., Karmakar S, & Chattopadhyay K. (2021). The metal cofactor zinc and interacting membranes modulate SOD1 conformation-aggregation landscape in an in vitro ALS model. eLife, 10, e61453.

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Membrane Lipid Probe Protocol

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1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and N-(lissamine Rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (Rhod-DOPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, United States). Chol, Erg, Ludox (colloidal silica diluted to 50 weight% in water), CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine), FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) and pyranine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Zym was purchased from Avanti or from Steraloids, yielding the same results. Di-4-ANEPPS was purchased from Invitrogen (Madrid, Spain). Valinomycin was purchased from EMD Chemical Inc. (San Diego, CA, United States). Yeast extract, bactopeptone, yeast nitrogen base, and agar were obtained from Difco (Detroit, MI, United States). Solvents for lipid and probe stock solutions were spectroscopic grade. Other reagents were of the highest purity available.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 (wt) cells (genotype MATa his3Δ1 leu2Δ0 met15Δ0 ura3Δ0) and erg6Δ cells (BY4741; MATa his3Δ1 leu2Δ0 met15Δ0 ura3Δ0 YML008c:kanMX4) were obtained from EUROSCARF (Frankfurt, Germany). Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection.

Khmelinskaia A., Marquês J.M., Bastos A.E., Antunes C.A., Bento-Oliveira A., Scolari S., Lobo G.M., Malhó R., Herrmann A., Marinho H.S, & de Almeida R.F. (2020). Liquid-Ordered Phase Formation by Mammalian and Yeast Sterols: A Common Feature With Organizational Differences. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8, 337.

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Lipid and Pharmaceutical Reagent Protocol

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The 25 mg/mL stock solutions of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphot-rac(1-glycerol) ammonium salt (DPPG) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabama, USA). Reagent-grade purified human immunoglobulin (IgG), lyophilized human albumin, Bio-reagent-grade transferrin, Sigma-grade cholesterol, ascorbate, urate, certified reference material-grade glutathione and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Company Limited (Dorset, UK). HPLC-grade chloroform and water were supplied by Fischer Chemicals (Loughborough, UK). 6α,9-Difluoro-17-[[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl]-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo androsta-1,4-dien-17α-yl propanoate (fluticasone propionate: FP) was purchased from Adooq Bioscience (Irwin, CA), 9-Chloro-11β-hydroxy-16β-methyl-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-diene-17,21-diyl dipropanoate (beclomethasone dipropionate; BDP) was purchased from Medchem Express (US), and Survanta® from AbbVie Ltd. (UK).

Kumar A., Terakosolphan W., Hassoun M., Vandera K.K., Novicky A., Harvey R., Royall P.G., Bicer E.M., Eriksson J., Edwards K., Valkenborg D., Nelissen I., Hassall D., Mudway I.S, & Forbes B. (2017). A Biocompatible Synthetic Lung Fluid Based on Human Respiratory Tract Lining Fluid Composition. Pharmaceutical Research, 34(12), 2454-2465.

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Lipid-DNA Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DPPC); 1,2- distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DSPC); 1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DBPC); and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene
glycol)] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG) (PEG molecular weights of 1000,
2000, and 5000) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster,
AL). 4-Cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene
(BPEA) dye were obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR). Cholesterol-modified
DNA sequences (Chol-DNA) and thrombin aptamer (TA) were obtained from
Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA). 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine
perchlorate (DiI) and 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate
(DiO) dyes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Chloroform,
Tris base, and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Fisher Scientific
(Pittsburgh, PA).

Mohan P., Noonan P.S., Nakatsuka M.A, & Goodwin A.P. (2014). On-Demand Droplet Fusion: A Strategy for Stimulus-Responsive Biosensing in Solution. Langmuir, 30(41), 12321-12327.

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Preparation of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

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1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG2000-NH₂) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (ammonium salt) (PE-NBD) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, USA. Cholesterol (Chol), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl₄•3H₂O) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Doxorubicin (DOX), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid (MMTAA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Methanol, chloroform and Triton X-100 were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. Trisodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇•2H₂O) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 10mM, pH 7.4) was purchased from Nanjing KeyGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. All the reagents were used as received. Deionized water (Millipore Milli-Q grade) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm^-1 was used in all the experiments.

Zhu D., Wang Z., Zong S., Zhang Y., Chen C., Zhang R., Yun B, & Cui Y. (2018). Investigating the Intracellular Behaviors of Liposomal Nanohybrids via SERS: Insights into the Influence of Metal Nanoparticles. Theranostics, 8(4), 941-954.

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