Drugs that were purchased in solid form were dissolved in 0.9% saline solution and passed through a 0.22 μm sterile filter prior to administration. HI-6 was synthesized by Kalexsyn Medicinal Chemistry (Kalamazoo, MI) and prepared at 250 mg/ml. Atropine methyl nitrate (AMN) was synthesized by Wedgewood Pharmacy (Swedesboro, NJ) and prepared at 4 mg/ml. Soman was synthesized by the US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) and diluted to 360 μg/ml. Atropine sulfate from Sparhawk Laboratories Inc. (Lenexa, KS) was admixed with 2-PAM from Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Deerfield, IL) at final concentrations of 0.9 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. DEX, ATI, and MDZ were all purchased as pre-formulated USP-grade sterile solutions in saline. DEX and ATI were made by Orion Corporation (Espoo, Finland) at concentrations of 0.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively. Midazolam was made by Akorn Inc. (Lake Forest, IL) at 5 mg/ml.
2 pam
Manufactured by Baxter
Sourced in United States
2-PAM is a laboratory product used as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. It functions by reactivating acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme inhibited by organophosphate exposure.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using 2 pam
1
Preparation of Nerve Agent Antidotes
2
In Vitro Toxicity Screening Assay
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Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, chlorpyrifos (CP), paraoxon-ethyl (PO), DFP (diisopropylfluorophosphate), MINA (monoisonitrosoacetone), methylene blue, and acetylthiocholine iodide were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 2-PAM (pralidoxime chloride) was acquired from Baxter Healthcare (Deerfield, IL, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay and DTNB (5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid); Ellman’s reagent) were acquired from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) was acquired from Chem Service (West Chester, PA, USA). Sarin (GB; isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate), soman (GD; O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), and cyclosarin (GF; cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) were obtained from the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA). MMB-4 (1,1′-methylenebis[4[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-pyridinium]dimethanesulfonate) was acquired from the Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Silver Spring, MD, USA).
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