Iodoform

NaI was ground to make a smaller particle using a planetary ball mill (PM 100 CM, Retsch Co., Haan, Germany), and then the particle was strained into a 100 μm bowl (Figure 5a). The particle size of the strained NaI and existing iodoform was analyzed by a particle size analyzer (PSA) (Horiba LA-950 V2, Beckman, Urbana, IL, USA). The particle size of the strained NaI was similar to that of iodoform, approximately 90 μm, so the same experimental conditions for both materials were applied (Figure 5b). Calcium hydroxide (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), silicone oil (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI, USA), and strained NaI (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) were blended, and the resulting materials were denoted D5 (30:30:5), D10 (30:30:10), D20 (30:30:20), and D30 (30:30:30) (ratio = Calcium hydroxide: silicone oil: NaI) (Figure 5c). iodoform (Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK) instead of NaI was incorporated at a ratio of 30:30:30, and the resulting materials were denoted I30.

For this study, an iodoform (Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK), calcium hydroxide (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), and silicone oil were mixed on a glass plate with a sterilized spatula at a proportion of 1:1:1, respectively, to fabricate an iodoform-based paste. Sodium iodide-based paste was created by mixing equal proportions of NaI (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), calcium hydroxide, and silicone oil. The iodoform-based paste was denoted as I30; the NaI-based paste was designated as D30 for this study. Groups were divided based on D30 and I30 and subdivided into three groups based on the viscosities of silicone oil as high (H), medium (M), and low (L) to compare six groups: I30H, I30M, I30L, D30H, D30M, and D30L. calcium hydroxide, silicone oil H (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI, USA), silicone oil M (Shin-Etsu Silicone KF-96 1000 cst, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan), and silicone oil L (Shin-Etsu Silicone KF-96 350 cst, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used. All materials were mixed by the same operator, as shown in Figure S1.