Dsm 982 gemini microscope

Brightfield microscopy was done for visual detection of the metal doping in the coatings. At the same time the coating-thickness was measured. For taking the bright field microscopy shots the samples were coated with a 1 nm layer of Pt/Pd (80/20). The images were taken at 3 kV with a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Zeiss DSM 982 Gemini Microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at the IFKB Stuttgart.

To characterize SWW with regard to possible treatment options, the following parameters were analyzed: pH, conductivity, COD, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), TOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), TN and total suspended solids (TSS). The pH value was determined with a METTLER TOLEDO pH meter. The mobile conductivity meter Cond 340i from the company WTW was used for the conductivity measurements. The COD was measured by means of the QuickCOD_lab-03D0318 from the company LAR Process Analysers AG via a thermal disintegration process. BOD5 was measured by pressure determination with a WTW Oxitop Control 12 system (Weinheim, Germany). The measurement of TOC, DOC and TN was performed with the Analytik Jena TOC analyzer multi N/C 3100 (Jena, Germany), whereby the DOC samples were prepared by filtration through Whatman 0.45 µm membrane filters (Kent, UK).
In addition, the flat sheet membranes used were analysed by using conventional SEM using a Zeiss DSM 982 GEMINI microscope with a thermal field emission cathode optimised for high resolution and X-ray analyses at low accelerating voltage. This has the following specifications: Inlens secondary electron detector, Everhart-Thornley chamber secondary electron detector, K.E.D. 4-quadrant BSE detector, point electronic imaging system, EDAX EDX-system (Apollo XPP with nom. 10 mm² (SDD), energy resolution 123.9 eV @ Mn-K $\mathsf{\alpha }$ ).