The chemicals S-(-)-α-pinene (ACROS, 98%, CAS: 7785-26-4), myrcene (ACROS, 90%, CAS: 123-25-3), S-β-pinene (ACROS, 98%, CAS: 18172-67-3), S-(-)-limonene (J&K, 96%, CAS: 5989-54-8), terpinolene (J&K, 95%, CAS: 586-62-9), 3-carene (ACROS, 90%, CAS: 13466-78-9), (±)-camphene (ACROS, 95%, CAS: 79-92-5), ergosterol (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 57-87-4), 3,4-dimethoxybenzldehyde (J&K, 99%, CAS: 120-14-9), 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (J&K, 98%, CAS: 2150-38-1), caffeic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%, CAS: 331-39-5) and ρ-coumaric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%, CAS: 501-98-4) were purchased from J&K Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). (+)-Catechin (Aladdin, 97%, CAS: 154-23-4), quercetin (Aladdin, 95%, CAS: 117-39-5), isorhamnetin (Aladdin, 98%, CAS: 480-19-3), taxifolin (Aladdin, 98%, CAS: 480-18-2), ferulic acid (Aladdin, 99%, CAS: 1135-24-6) and resveratrol (Aladdin, 99%, CAS: 501-36-0) were purchased from Aladdin Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Piceid (MΛCKLIN, 97%, CAS: 65917-17-2) was purchased from MΛCKLIN Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Pinoresinol (bidepharm, 95%, CAS: 487-36-5) were purchased from bidepharmatech Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China).
ρ coumaric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
ρ-coumaric acid is a chemical compound that can be found in various plant sources. It is a type of phenolic acid and serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of other important plant metabolites. The core function of ρ-coumaric acid is to act as an intermediate in various biochemical pathways within living organisms.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sinapic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Salicylic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cinnamic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epigallocatechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
11 protocols using ρ coumaric acid
1
Comprehensive Analysis of Phytochemicals
2
Persimmon Cultivar Black Spot Control
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The
fruits of persimmon cultivars “Triumph” with a minor
infection under the sepals were used to examine the effect of chemicals
on black spot disease developed during storage and caused by Alternaria. Those fruits were dipped in solutions of different
compounds/chemicals for 30 s. The chemical reagents were salicylic
acid (SA), ferulic acid (FA), ρ-coumaric acid (ρCA), methyl
ρ-coumaric acid (MeCA), and methyl ferulic acid (MeFA), (Sigma
Aldrich, Israel; TCI Co., Japan). All chemicals were dissolved in
absolute methanol, and 1 mM working concentration (containing 2% (v/v)
methanol) was prepared in distilled water (DW). This concentration
was chosen following preliminary experiments to choose the lowest
effective concentration. Following dipping, the fruits were stored
at 0 °C for 3 months. Control fruits were treated with 2% (v/v)
methanol. Black spot disease severity was scored by a scale with a
category from 1 to 5 (Figure S1 ), independently
for the top and the bottom of the fruit as previously described.19 (link)
fruits of persimmon cultivars “Triumph” with a minor
infection under the sepals were used to examine the effect of chemicals
on black spot disease developed during storage and caused by Alternaria. Those fruits were dipped in solutions of different
compounds/chemicals for 30 s. The chemical reagents were salicylic
acid (SA), ferulic acid (FA), ρ-coumaric acid (ρCA), methyl
ρ-coumaric acid (MeCA), and methyl ferulic acid (MeFA), (Sigma
Aldrich, Israel; TCI Co., Japan). All chemicals were dissolved in
absolute methanol, and 1 mM working concentration (containing 2% (v/v)
methanol) was prepared in distilled water (DW). This concentration
was chosen following preliminary experiments to choose the lowest
effective concentration. Following dipping, the fruits were stored
at 0 °C for 3 months. Control fruits were treated with 2% (v/v)
methanol. Black spot disease severity was scored by a scale with a
category from 1 to 5 (
for the top and the bottom of the fruit as previously described.19 (link)
3
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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We applied the modified gradient conditions for the HPLC analysis according to Kim et al. [17 (link)]. For qualitative and quantitative analysis, a reverse phase system with synergistic fusion RP column (250 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used at 35 °C. The mobile phase consisted of 0.5% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile. The standard solutions were prepared at a constant volume with methanol and water. The elution program was as follows (B%): 2%, 5 min; 2–5%, 12 min; 5–8%, 17 min; 8–30%, 65 min; 30%, 68 min; 50%, 78 min; 100%, 100 min. The injection volume, flow rate, and wavelength were 10 μL, 1.0 mL/min, and UV 280 nm, respectively. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, homogentisic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, naringin, quercetin, and cinnamic acid were used as standards (Sigma-Aldrich). All solutions were filtered through a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, 0.22-μm) membrane (Pall Co., Port Washington, NY, USA).
4
Extraction and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan
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Low molecular weight chitosan sample (average molecular weight <300 kDa; a degree of deacetylation = 83%) was produced from shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) using a UAE. Analytical reagents and standards used were: Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (2N), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), ρ-iodonitrotetrazolium, Mueller-Hinton broth, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eriocitrin, ellagic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, diosmin, hesperidin, catechin and quercetin, HPLC grade methanol, acetic acid, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico). Ultra-pure water was prepared in a Milli-Q water filtration system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
5
Preparation of Phenolic Compound Stock Solutions
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Cinnamic acid (Figure 7 A) and three of its derivatives including ρ-coumaric acid (Figure 7 B), caffeic acid (Figure 7 C), and ferulic acid (Figure 7 D) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH-Schnelldorf, Schnelldorf, Germany). Each compound was dissolved in 2 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then adjusted to a final volume of 100 mL using sterilized water to prepare a 5 mM stock solution. In all subsequent experiments, this stock solution was diluted with distilled water right before utilization.
6
Polyphenol Standards Acquisition and Preparation
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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Polyphenols (ρ‐hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ρ‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, naringin, and hesperidin) standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Narirutin and didymin standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were all of HPLC grade, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was analytical grade, and purchased from Fisher Scientific Chemicals (Leics., UK). Solutions and solvents were prepared with Milli‐Q water (Milipore Inc. (Molsheim, France); σ = 18 mol/L Ω/cm).
7
Lignocellulosic Biomass Characterization
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Ferulic acid, vanilic acid, vanilin, ρ-coumaric acid, syrangaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA), Furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), tannin and tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin were purchased from Sigma Chemicals. Yeast extract and peptone were obtained from Oxoid Ltd (Thermo Fisher Biochemical, Beijing, China). Other chemicals and laboratory media of analytical grade were purchased from Sangon Biological Engineering Technology and Services Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China).
The corn fiber (passed through 30–40 mesh screens) was purchased from Shandong Yanggu Shengda corn cob granule Co. Ltd (Shandong, China). The bagasse fiber was donated from Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute (Guangdong, China).
The corn fiber (passed through 30–40 mesh screens) was purchased from Shandong Yanggu Shengda corn cob granule Co. Ltd (Shandong, China). The bagasse fiber was donated from Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute (Guangdong, China).
8
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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All 17 standard compounds of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, naringin, hesperidin, quercetin, resveratrol, nobiletin and tangeritin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), and were certified as >98% purity. The compounds were prepared in methanol-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (v/v, 50:50), and stored at −18 °C for 2 weeks. During development of the HPLC-DAD method, working standard solutions were obtained by dilution of individual phenolic stock solutions with DMSO (v/v, 50:50) solution to obtain five different concentrations for calibration curves. All the other reagents of analytical grade were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
9
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Chinese Teas
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Gallic acid (GA), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), caffeine (CAF), theophylline (THEO), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (+)-catechin (C), chlorogenic acid (CHL), theobromine (TB), caffeic acid (CAA), (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ρ-coumaric acid (COU), (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), ferulic acid (FER), sinapic acid (SIN), epicatechin gallate (ECG), rutin (RUT), myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE), and kaempferol (KAE) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), and the purity of the reagents was above 95%. The acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was purchased from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and all other reagents including methanol and formic acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). A total of 121 samples covering six different types of teas, including black tea (BT, n = 17), green tea (GT, n = 29), yellow tea (YT, n = 7), white tea (WT, n = 12), oolong tea (OT, n = 42), and dark tea (DT, n = 14), were purchased from local supermarkets in Beijing and Fuzhou, China, and kept in boxes sealed by tin foil at 4 °C.
10
Chlorella sp. Bioactive Compound Extraction
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Chlorella sp. blue-green algae (derived from Chlorella vulgaris) was purchased from PureBulk, Roseburg, OR, USA. The dry powdered microalgae were stored in a desiccator until further use. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, acetic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and DPPH were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Malaysia. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification.
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