Thyroid function was assessed by measurement of TSH (reference range: 0.55–4.78 μIU/ml, chemiluminescence immunoassay, Siemens, Germany) and FT4 (reference range: 11.5–22.7 pmol/l, chemiluminescence immunoassay, Siemens, Germany). Subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined as a TSH level < 0.55 mIU/l with a FT4 level within normal range. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a TSH level > 4.78 mIU/l with a FT4 level within normal range. Euthyroid state was defined as a TSH level from 0.55 mIU/l to 4.78 mIU/l with a FT4 level within normal range.
Chemiluminescence immunoassay
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in United States, Germany
Chemiluminescence immunoassay is a laboratory technique used for the detection and quantification of specific analytes, such as proteins or hormones, in a sample. It involves the use of antibodies labeled with a chemiluminescent compound, which emits light upon reaction with a specific substrate. This technique is commonly used in clinical diagnostics and research applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, by Roche (8 mentions)
Infinia hawkeye, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Vanadate oxidation method, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Quantikine human immunoassay kit, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Duoset elisa development systems kit, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc), by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Chemiluminescence immunoassay, by Roche (1 mentions)
Nt probnp, by Roche (1 mentions)
18 protocols using chemiluminescence immunoassay
1
Thyroid Function Diagnostic Thresholds
2
Melatonin and Hormone Profiling Protocol
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Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MEL) was measured using the Buhlmann ELISA kit in triplicate (inter- and intra-assay variability <10%). Urinary MEL concentrations were adjusted for urinary creatinine. The average of the replicates was computed for analysis. The N:D ratio was computed as mean overnight MEL divided by mean daytime MEL for each of the two 24 h periods of data collection, totaling two N:D ratios. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured from serum using chemiluminescence immunoassay, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL (inter- and intra-assay variability <10%). Total testosterone was measured using LC/MS/MS by a laboratory associated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Hormone Standardization Project (CDC-HoST) (Brigham Research Assay Core, Boston, MA, USA). FAI was calculated as Total T/SHBG (%). Free T and bioavailable testosterone were computed as described previously [25 (link)].
3
Comprehensive Metabolic Biomarker Panel
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SHBG was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens). Plasma glucose was measured with a hexokinase assay (Maker), fasting insulin was analyzed with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics), HDL and LDL were measured by direct-method assays, and triglyceride and cholesterol were measured by the N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylaniline method (Wako Diagnostics). Serum APOA1 and APOB levels were determined by the polyethylene glycol-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (Maker). AST and ALT were measured with the IFCC method, and total bilirubin was measured with the vanadate oxidation method (Wako Diagnostics). BUN was measured with the UV-GLDH method, and creatinine was measured with the SAO method (Maker).
4
Detailed Lipid and Hormone Profiling
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HDL-C and LDL-C were measured by direct-method assays, and TG and TC were measured by the N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylaniline method (Wako Diagnostics). Serum APOA1 and APOB levels were determined by the polyethylene glycol-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (Maker). Glucose was measured with a hexokinase assay (Maker), insulin, total testosterone, E2, progesterone, FSH, and LH were analyzed with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics). SHBG was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens).
5
Plasma Biomarker Analysis for Diagnosis
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All plasma assays were performed at the Clinical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Blood was collected at the time of diagnosis and during treatment. Serum glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method. Insulin was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnosis, Basel, Switzerland), and cortisol was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens).
6
Oxidative Stress and Natriuretic Peptide Biomarkers
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The oxidative stress biomarkers myeloperoxidase and nitrotyrosine were determined using solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (Hycult, Uden, The Netherlands). Oxidized LDL was determined using a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden).
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were determined through chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, NY, USA).
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were determined through chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, NY, USA).
7
Baseline Measurements in Dialysis Patients
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The participants enrolled in the study underwent monthly hematological and biochemical examinations in the outpatient clinic. Baseline values that were collected and measured in January 2011 included hemoglobin (Hb), albumin, potassium (K), corrected serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), alkaline phosphate (ALP), cholesterol, triglyceride, 24-h urine volume, total Kt/V, weekly urine creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), total weekly Ccr, and protein catabolic rate normalized using actual body weight. The formula for calculating the protein catabolic rate was 10.76 × {[(UV × UBUN + DV × DBUN)/1440 + 1.46]/BSA} × 1.73, where UV is the urine volume (L), DV is the dialysate volume (L), UBUN is the urine blood urea nitrogen (BUN), DBUN is the dialysate BUN, and BSA is the body surface area. All blood samples were analyzed using commercial kits and an auto-analyzer (Hitachi 7600–210; Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Albumin level was measured using the bromocresol green method; the normal range in the hospital was 3.5–5.2 g/dL. iPTH was measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarry Town, NY, USA). The parameters of standard peritoneal equilibration tests measured in January 2011 were collected as baseline data.
8
Serum Biomarker Profiling in Trastuzumab Therapy
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We collected serum samples at four time points: before treatment (baseline), immediately before the second and fourth trastuzumab administrations, and after confirmation of progressive disease (PD). Serum HER2 levels were measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, Tokyo, Japan). All other serum markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): EGF, TGF-a, and NRG1 levels were measured with DuoSet ELISA Development Systems kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and HGF, IGF1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 were measured with Quantikine human immunoassay kits (R&D Systems). All assays were performed in duplicate. The lower limits of detection were 3.91 pg/ml for EGF, 7.81 pg/ml for TGF-a, and 62.5 pg/ml for NRG1.
9
Metabolic Profiles and Kidney Function
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Demographic and clinical data including comorbidities, the use of antidiabetic medications, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) were obtained from the medical records of these participants. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on body weight (in kilograms) divided by body height in meters squared (kg/m2).
Serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- and low-density lipoproteins) were analyzed by enzymatic assays (Olympus AU5400 autoanalyzer; Beckman Coulter, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Bio-Rad, USA). UAE was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens, Germany).
Serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- and low-density lipoproteins) were analyzed by enzymatic assays (Olympus AU5400 autoanalyzer; Beckman Coulter, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Bio-Rad, USA). UAE was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens, Germany).
10
Serum sIL-2R Assessment Protocol
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Venous blood samples were obtained from the cubital vein of all the subjects within 3 hours of admission and were centrifuged immediately at 3000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. Subsequently, the plasma and serum samples were stored at −80°C until analysis. The concentration of serum sIL-2R was analysed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). All the samples from each patient were measured in the same assay to reduce inter-assay variability.
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