The liver, spleen and kidney of the groupers were separately homogenized using stomacher for 1 min. The homogenized sample was then streaked on thio-sulphate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar (Difco, Michigan, USA) and incubated at 30 °C for 16 h. A single colony of bacteria suspected of Vibrio was incubated in tryptic soy broth (TSB) (Difco) with 1.5% normal saline (Merck) and incubated at 30 °C for 16 h. Alternate steps between TCBS and TSB containing 1.5% normal saline were performed until a pure colony of Vibrio was obtained. A pure isolate was inoculated into semi-solid nutrient agar and TSB with 20% glycerol, incubated at 30 °C for 16 h and then stored until further analysis.
Normal saline
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom
Normal saline is a sterile, isotonic solution of sodium chloride in water. It is a common laboratory reagent used as a diluent, solvent, or rinsing agent. Normal saline has a concentration of 0.9% sodium chloride, which is similar to the concentration of salts in the human body. It is primarily used to maintain the appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance in laboratory samples and experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Formalin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Carrageenan, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Biosesang (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dried yeast, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Eclipse c2 plus, by Nikon (2 mentions)
Cm1520, by Leica (2 mentions)
Cisplatin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rat pge2 elisa kit, by Elabscience (2 mentions)
Rat tnf α elisa kit, by Elabscience (2 mentions)
Tryptic soy broth (tsb), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hematoxylin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alcian blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
67 protocols using normal saline
1
Isolation and Purification of Vibrio
2
Formulation and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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The CFPSs (30 and 100 mg/mL) and PSs (30 mg/mL) were prepared in normal saline, and ibuprofen as the positive standard (50 mg/mL) was prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (Merck, Germany). 5% formalin and 2% carrageenan solutions (Merck, Germany) were prepared in normal saline. normal saline (GHAZI, Iran) was the negative control (1 mL/kg).
3
Macrophage Reconstitution in Rac2-/- Mice
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To determine if the phenotypes observed in the Rac2-/- mice were macrophage autonomous, we reconstituted Rac2-/- mice with bone marrow derived macrophages from wild type mice. Rac2-/- mice were administered a single intratracheal injection of 0.05 U of bleomycin sulphate (3 U/Kg body weight, dissolved in normal saline, Sigma Aldrich) or normal saline on day 0. On 5th day following bleomycin instillation, 1 x 106 cultured WT M2 or M1 BMDMs (M2 macrophages were BMDMs stimulated with 20 ng/ml of IL4 and M1 macrophages stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS) were injected through the tail vein in Rac2-/- mice. 1 million M2 or M1 macrophages were injected every third day until lungs were harvested on 28 day.
4
ARDS Rat Model Induced by LPS
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Male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 25 g were purchased from Animal Center in Hebei
Medical University. The ARDS rat model was established according to the methods
as previously described.16 (link) Briefly, rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and were treated with
intratracheal instillation of LPS solution (2 mg/kg diluted in 100 μL normal
saline; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 24 h. Control rats were treated
with an equal volume of vehicle. In FA-treated groups, FA (50 mg/kg diluted in
100 μL normal saline; Sigma-Aldrich) was intraperitoneally injected once per day
for 30 consecutive days before LPS administration. The protocol of this study
was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xingtai People’s Hospital
of Hebei Province. All cultural conditions and procedures of animals complied
with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Medical University. The ARDS rat model was established according to the methods
as previously described.16 (link) Briefly, rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and were treated with
intratracheal instillation of LPS solution (2 mg/kg diluted in 100 μL normal
saline; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 24 h. Control rats were treated
with an equal volume of vehicle. In FA-treated groups, FA (50 mg/kg diluted in
100 μL normal saline; Sigma-Aldrich) was intraperitoneally injected once per day
for 30 consecutive days before LPS administration. The protocol of this study
was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xingtai People’s Hospital
of Hebei Province. All cultural conditions and procedures of animals complied
with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
5
Evaluating Vascular Permeability in Lungs
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EBD extravasation assay [36 (link)] was conducted to analyze vascular permeability in the lungs. In brief, a set of anesthetized mice from each group received intravenous (i.v.) injection of EBD (2 mL/kg, 2% solution in normal saline; Sigma-Aldrich) at 23 h after endotoxin or normal saline injection, followed by thorough perfusion with normal saline (i.v.), starting at 1 h after EBD injection, to eliminate residual EBD. After euthanasia, the lung tissue samples were harvested, weighed, blended in 50% trichloroacetic acid (1:3 volume ratios; Sigma-Aldrich), and then centrifuged. The collected supernatants were analyzed with spectroscopy (absorbance: 620 nm) to measure the concentrations of EBD.
6
Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Neuropathic Pain
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Before delivering the drugs, the catheterized rats were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane and placed in a transparent Plexiglas box. They were then slowly injected with drugs (1 μl/min) via the exteriorized portion of the catheter with a micro-syringe (Hamilton, Reno, NV, USA) containing 10 μl of the drug followed by flushing with 10 μl normal saline (Baxter Healthcare, New York, NY, USA).
Different groups of rats (n = 6 per group) were treated with the P2Y12 antagonist MRS2395 (200 μg in 10 μl 5% DMSO, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (1 μg in 10 μl 10% DMSO, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (3 μg in 10 μl normal saline, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), or normal saline (10 μl) or 10% DMSO (10 μl) as controls. The oral drug administrated rats were gavaged with the orally active P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel (10 mg/kg, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). The drugs were delivered three times per day for 6 days, from 1 day before SNL surgery to 5 days after surgery.
Different groups of rats (n = 6 per group) were treated with the P2Y12 antagonist MRS2395 (200 μg in 10 μl 5% DMSO, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (1 μg in 10 μl 10% DMSO, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (3 μg in 10 μl normal saline, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), or normal saline (10 μl) or 10% DMSO (10 μl) as controls. The oral drug administrated rats were gavaged with the orally active P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel (10 mg/kg, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). The drugs were delivered three times per day for 6 days, from 1 day before SNL surgery to 5 days after surgery.
7
Tissue Processing and Staining Protocol
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Ethanol, distilled water, formalin 10%, ketamine, xylazine, normal saline (0.9%), eucerine (400%), hematoxylin, eosin, silver sulfadiazine 1% cream USP, and sodium bicarbonate were supplied from Merck company (Germany).
8
Omeprazole Extraction and Characterization
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Omeprazole was obtained from Zafa Pharmaceuticals (Karachi, Pakistan), whereas BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) was purchased from Bioshop, (Burlington, ON, Canada). Other chemicals and solvents such as sodium carbonate, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, sodium potassium tartarate, copper sulphate, Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, sodium acetate, magnesium chloride, alcian blue, glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether, normal saline and formalin were brought from Merck (Karachi, Pakistan), and they were all of analytical grade.
9
Evaluating LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice
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Female CD-1 mice (30 ± 3 g) were used for pilot IC experiments. IC was induced via i.p. injection of LPS (20 mg/kg from Escherichia coli (serotype 026:B6, Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) dissolved in 50 μL normal saline (Hospira, Montreal, Canada)). LPS was administered 15 min following induction of anesthesia, and the treatment compounds or vehicle (50 μL) administered i.p. 30 min following LPS administration. The four experimental groups for this model were as follows: (1) healthy control animals (CON; 50 μL normal saline i.p., treated with normal saline i.p., n = 9), (2) untreated IC animals (LPS; 50 μL LPS i.p., treated with normal saline i.p., n = 9), (3) IC treated with HU308 (LPS + HU308; 50 μL LPS i.p., treated with 5 mg/kg HU308 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO, USA) dissolved in 30% DMSO, n = 4), (4) IC treated with BCP (LPS + BCP; 50 μL of LPS i.p., treated with 100 mg/kg i.p. BCP (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) in normal saline; n = 7). Intravital microscopy (IVM) data was collected two hours following LPS administration for all animals used in this model.
10
Systemic and Topical Ototoxicity Induction
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For systemic assays, animals were injected sub-cutaneously with a solution of gentamicin sulphate or kanamycin sulphate in normal saline (400–500 mg/kg; Sigma, Gillingham, U.K.) followed 20–30 min later by an intra-peritoneal injection of bumetanide (50 mg/kg; Sigma) or furosemide solution (100 mg/kg; Sigma). For topical application to the cochlea, anaesthesia was induced with isoflurane, the auditory bulla was accessed through a retro-auricular incision and windowed using a scalpel blade. Aminoglycoside and diuretic solutions (as above) were applied directly to the round window; in some cases, animals were implanted with a gelatin sponge (Cutanplast, Sheffield, U.K.) pre-soaked in an aminoglycoside/diuretic mixture. The bulla was sealed using a plug of fascia held in place with Vetbond adhesive (3 M, Bracknell, U.K.). The muscle layer and wound were closed with absorbable Vicryl suture material (Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) and the animal allowed to recover.
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