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30 protocols using microsoft excel 2013

1

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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To analyze and plot the data, we used Microsoft Excel 2013 and GraphPad Prism 6. We performed a D’Agostino and Pearson normality test, and the data found to have a normal distribution were analyzed by a two-tailed t test with Welch correction. In the case of multiple comparisons, we used a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test. The data that did not pass the normality test were subjected to a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test or, in the case of multiple comparisons, a Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunns post test. Error bars represent SEM; ***p ≤ 0.0001, **p ≤ 0.001, *p ≤ 0.01, ns = nonsignificant.
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2

Statistical Analysis of Biological Data

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Before analysis, the normal distribution of values was verified with the Shapiro–Wilk normality test using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0; in all cases the probabilities were >0.05, denoting normally distributed data sets. For statistical analysis, the measurements and experimental values from independent experiments were estimated with the two-tailed paired Student's t-test. All the results are shown as mean±s.d. values of at least four independent experiments. The exact P values are described and specified in each figure legend. P values <0.05 (P<0.05) were considered statistically significant. All analyses were done using Microsoft Excel 2013 or GraphPad Prism 6.05 softwares.
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3

Cognitive and Motor Function Assessment

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All numerical data were presented as mean ± SEM or mean ± SD. For the RAWM test, the average errors to find the platform were calculated in blocks of consecutive 3 trials. A repeated measure two-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak post-hoc test was used for comparisons between different genotypes at each block. A repeated measure one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test was used for behavioral comparisons between different time points (blocks) within each genotype to test for learning/memory over time in that genotype. For the rotarod test, a repeated measure two-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak post-hoc test was used for comparisons between different genotypes on each day; while a one-way ANOVA followed by a student’s t-test was used for comparisons between different ages within each genotype. For Y-maze test and all other experiments, data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA followed by a student’s t-test. Significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Microsoft Excel 2013 and GraphPad Prism Statistical Software version 7.0 were used for statistical analysis and graphical display.
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4

Statistical Analyses of Biological Experiments

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Statistical analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Prism software v6.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). Results were reported as mean ± SD (standard deviation) as indicated in the figure legends unless otherwise stated. We performed analyses of significance using Student’s t-test assuming equal variance. Continuous biological variables were assumed to follow a normal distribution. A p value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Survival in mouse experiments was represented as a Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test was used to determine the significance. All the experiments with representative images have been repeated at least twice and representative images were shown. For experiments with animals ‘‘n’’ represents number of animals.
Gene set enrichment analysis was performed as previously described (Subramanian et al., 2005 (link)) using the javaGSEA desktop software. The statistical significance of enrichment scores was estimated empirically using a null distribution generated by performing gene permutations on the gene expression data.
Information on the number of biological replicates for each experiment, mice age and sex, can be found in the Methods Details section and in the Figure Legends. Statistical analysis are also indicated in the Figure Legends.
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5

Statistical Analyses for Research

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Data analyses and representations were performed either with the R (v3.3.3), Microsoft Excel 2013, or Prism 7.0 (GraphPad). Comparison of continuous variables between two groups was performed by unpaired or paired Student’s t-test. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to assess correlation between continuous variables. To control for multiple hypothesis testing, we applied the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Lastly, all statistical significance testing was two-sided at Type-I error rate of 0.05 except where specifically noted in relevant figure legends.
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6

Immunostaining and Imaging Analysis Protocol

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All data are expressed as mean +/− SEM unless otherwise indicated. Statistical significance was evaluated using a Student’s unpaired t-test for one or multiple samples, and one-way ANOVA, with p < 0.5 considered to be statistically significant. All experiments were conducted at least three times unless specified otherwise. Data from cells was obtained using built-in Leica software or ImageJ software and were analyzed and plotted using GraphPad Prism version 8 or Sigma Plot 11.0 software. All other data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013, GraphPad Prism version 8, or Sigma Plot 11.0 software. Charts and figures were created using GraphPad Prism version 8 software, Microsoft Office 365 Word, Microsoft Office 365 Excel, and Canvas 11 software. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001
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7

In Vitro and In Vivo Glioblastoma Growth Analysis

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All results are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Independent in vitro experiments were conducted using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test, and a two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in in vivo growth of GBM at different time points during each treatment. Significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Microsoft Excel 2013 and GraphPad Prism6 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) were used for the statistical calculation and analyses.
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8

CLP Assembly and Disassembly Kinetics

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CLP assembly was monitored using DLS. For assembly reactions, CLPs were assembled by adding cargo and NaCl in Buffer C (20 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM EDTA at pH 6.8) to the indicated concentration. Assembly was initiated by adding CP to obtain a final concentration of 3 µM in a final volume of 30 µl. Measurements were taken on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano Z with the attenuator set to 8 and the measurement window at 4.2 mm. Each measurement consisted of at least three runs, each run averaged over 10 s. A peak corresponding to the hydrodynamic diameter of the core like particles (~48 nm) was observed. The data was plotted with the percent derived count rate on the Y-axis and the salt concentration on the X-axis. For disassembly reactions CLPs were pre-assembled in 20 mM salt and diluted into Buffer C containing indicated amounts of NaCl. The final concentration of CP was 2.5 µM in a volume of 30 µl for each reaction. The data was visualized using the Zetasizer software from Malvern and analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2013 and GraphPad Prism.
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9

Statistical Analyses of Biological Experiments

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Statistical analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Prism software v6.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). Results were reported as mean ± SD (standard deviation) as indicated in the figure legends unless otherwise stated. We performed analyses of significance using Student’s t-test assuming equal variance. Continuous biological variables were assumed to follow a normal distribution. A p value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Survival in mouse experiments was represented as a Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test was used to determine the significance. All the experiments with representative images have been repeated at least twice and representative images were shown. For experiments with animals ‘‘n’’ represents number of animals.
Gene set enrichment analysis was performed as previously described (Subramanian et al., 2005 (link)) using the javaGSEA desktop software. The statistical significance of enrichment scores was estimated empirically using a null distribution generated by performing gene permutations on the gene expression data.
Information on the number of biological replicates for each experiment, mice age and sex, can be found in the Methods Details section and in the Figure Legends. Statistical analysis are also indicated in the Figure Legends.
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10

Quantitative Analysis of Body Weight

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Body weight data over time were evaluated by determining the area under the curve (AUC) for each animal. Correlations were computed using Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Values for HOMA‐IR were calculated using the following formula: fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) × fasting insulin (μU/mL)/405 (Matthews et al. 1985). Statistical comparisons between two groups were evaluated using unpaired two‐tailed Student's t‐test. All numerical data were presented as mean ± SEM. Significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Data analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel 2013 and GraphPad Prism Statistical Software version 6.05.
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