For electrochemical characterization, all measurements were recorded in an anaerobic glove box containing a N2 atmosphere (O2 < 2 ppm, Mikrouna). Measurements were carried out using an Autolab potentiostat (PGSTAT101) controlled by Nova software (EcoChemie) in a 3-electrode configuration, which consisted of an Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 0.1 M sodium chloride with ultrapure water (Milli-Q, 18 MΩ cm) and a Pt wire counter electrode. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) analysis was performed at a scan rate of 0.5 V·s−1. All potentials were reported with reference to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), based on a potential of 197 mV for Ag/AgCl reference electrode at 25 °C.
Nova software
Manufactured by Metrohm
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom
Nova software is a data analysis and reporting tool developed by Metrohm for use with their analytical instruments. It provides a platform for data acquisition, processing, and presentation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Autolab pgstat 204 potentiostat, by Metrohm (3 mentions)
Pgstat302n, by Metrohm (2 mentions)
Autolab pgstat30 potentiostat, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Pgstat101, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Dxr2 raman microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Lambda 900, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Autolab pgstat 30 potentiostat galvanostat, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Jsm 7610f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Ag agcl double junction reference electrode, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Scanasyst air, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Fra32m module, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Pgstat302n potentiostat galvanostat, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Autolab pgstat128n, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Pt wire, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
17 protocols using nova software
1
Electrochemical Characterization in Anaerobic Glove Box
2
Electrochemical Characterization of Protein Samples
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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were performed using an Autolab PGSTAT30 potentiostat analyzer controlled by Nova software (Eco Chemie). The electrochemical cell was equipped with three electrodes, a pyrolytic graphite (PG) or a gold electrode as the working electrode (S = 0.07 cm2), a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode. All potentials are quoted vs. the Ag/AgCl reference electrode here. Potentials versus NHE can be obtained by adding 210 mV to the reported potentials. 20 mM NH4AC buffer was used as the electrolyte. All the electrochemical measurements were made at least in triplicate at 25 °C.
The PG electrode surface was renewed by polishing with fine sand paper (P1200), and then briefly sonicated to remove free carbon particles. The membrane electrode configuration was used to entrap 2 μl of protein sample in a thin layer between the electrode and a dialysis membrane of suitable cutoff.53 The gold surfaces were cleaned with “piranha” solution (3H2SO4 98% : 1H2O2 30%) for 4 min and rinsed extensively with water and later with ethanol. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed by immersing the gold surfaces in 5 mM ethanol solutions of 4-ATP or MHA or BT for 18 hours. The surfaces were then cleaned with ethanol to remove all organic contaminants.
The PG electrode surface was renewed by polishing with fine sand paper (P1200), and then briefly sonicated to remove free carbon particles. The membrane electrode configuration was used to entrap 2 μl of protein sample in a thin layer between the electrode and a dialysis membrane of suitable cutoff.53 The gold surfaces were cleaned with “piranha” solution (3H2SO4 98% : 1H2O2 30%) for 4 min and rinsed extensively with water and later with ethanol. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed by immersing the gold surfaces in 5 mM ethanol solutions of 4-ATP or MHA or BT for 18 hours. The surfaces were then cleaned with ethanol to remove all organic contaminants.
3
Electrochemical Characterization of FNR
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All electrochemical measurements were conducted with a closed glass cell having a 3-electrode configuration, with the reference electrode (SCE or Ag/AgCl) in a side arm connected via a Luggin capillary, and a Pt counter electrode in a side arm separated from the main compartment by a glass frit. Corrections made to conform to the standard hydrogen electrode scale were +0.24 (SCE) and +0.21 (AgCl). The cell solution was purged with Ar to remove dissolved O2 before starting measurements. A potentiostat (Autolab PGSTAT10 or PGSTAT101) controlled by Nova software (EcoChemie) was used to record the measurements. A small amount of FNR solution (typically 0.5–3 μL of 0.2 mM) was drop-cast onto the ITO electrode, spread, left for 3 min to partially dry, then rinsed with water before placing the electrode into the cell solution. Solutions of NADP+ and various substrates for the coupled reaction were made up with the same buffer solution before injecting into the cell.
4
Electrochemical Characterization of TiO2 Photoelectrodes
5
In Operando Raman Spectroscopy of BBL-P Films
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Raman spectra of BBL-P thin films were collected using a Thermo Scientific DXR2 Raman microscope. A 532 nm laser with a power of 2 mW was focused onto BBL-P film surface through a 10× objective lens. In operando Raman spectra were taken at different bias potentials and different pH values. A three-electrode cell consisting of BBL-P on gold coated glass substrate as the working electrode, Pt mesh as the counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl pellet as the reference electrode, and a Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT302N potentiostat was used to control the potential via the Metrohm NOVA software (Version 2.1.6).
6
Spectroelectrochemistry of BBL-P Polymer Films
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Optical absorption spectra of the BBL-P films were taken on a PerkinElmer Lambda 900 spectrometer. For spectroelectrochemistry, BBL-P thin film was coated on FTO substrates which were inserted into a cuvette filled with 0.1 M KCl(aq) as the electrolyte. The polymer film area was 2.75 ± 0.18 cm2, and the polymer film thickness was 44.4 ± 8.8 nm. Three-electrode configuration containing Ag/AgCl pellet as the reference electrode, Pt mesh as the counter electrode, and FTO/BBL-P as the working electrode was used. A Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT302N potentiostat was used to control the potential via the Metrohm NOVA software (Version 2.1.6). The BBL-P working electrodes were biased at different potentials for 60 s for doping to be equilibrated before collecting the optical absorption spectra. The films were thoroughly de-doped by applying +0.5 V (vs. Ag/Ag+) between each doping cycle. Both the doping and the de-doping currents were simultaneously collected during the optical measurements for coulometry analysis. The electrolyte was degassed by purging with N2 stream for at least 20 min prior to measurements.
7
Chronoamperometric Measurements with Autolab PGSTAT III
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Chronoamperometric measurements were performed with an Autolab PGSTAT III potentiostat/galvanostat (Metrohm Autolab B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands), which was interfaced to Nova software (version 1.6, Metrohm Autolab B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands).
8
Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements of Redox Systems
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Cyclic voltammetry measurements were carried out in an aqueous solution of Na2SO4 (0.5 M) containing a reference redox system. Appropriate redox systems, i.e., potassium ferri/ferrocyanide ((Fe(CN)6)3−4−), hydroquinone/quinone (H2Q/Q) at 5 mM concentration were selected for the study. The prepared solutions were deoxidized with a stream of inert gas (argon). Electrochemical measurements were made in a standard three-electrode system consisting of a working electrode (GC, Si/CNW, Si/B-NCD, glass/B-NCD, ITO, and FTO), a reference electrode (silver wire coated with a layer of silver chloride (Ag/AgCl), immersed in a saturated solution of potassium chloride (0.1 M KCl)) and anti-electrodes (platinum). The surface of the working electrode exposed to the electrolyte was about 0.50 cm2 or 0.13 cm2. Measurements were recorded at appropriate potential scan rates, i.e., 10, 50, and 100 mV/s. Electrochemical experiments were carried out using the Autolab PGSTAT30 potentiostat/galvanostat (Metrohm Autolab B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands) and Nova software (1.11, 2005–2013, Metrohm Autolab B.V, Utrecht, The Netherlands).
9
Electrochemical Characterization of Au Thin-Film
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The electrochemical measurements were carried out with a computer-controlled Autolab PGSTAT 204 Potentiostat (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland) equipped with an Impedance module (FRA32M); the experimental data were analyzed with Nova software (Metrohm, The Netherlands). The Au thin-film three-electrode layout (working/auxiliary/reference electrodes) and the “all-in-one” cell were purchased from Micrux Technologies (Oviedo, Spain). The diameter of Au working electrode was 1 mm.
10
Electrochemical Analysis of Carbon Micro-SPCEs
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All electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed using the Autolab potentiostat/galvanostat AUT302N coupled with NOVA software purchased from Metrohm Autolab (The Netherlands). The disposable three-electrode carbon micro screen-printed electrode (SPCEs, DEP-Chip EP-N) was purchased from Biodevice Technology, Japan. The DEP chip comprises the carbon working electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode and carbon counter electrode. The total length and width of the DEP chip was 12 and 4 mm respectively, allowing it to work with small volumes of reagents and samples (1 -20 μL). The sample was first carbon-coated for 60 s before analysis using field-emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) JEOL, JSM-7610F (Japan).
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