Micro-computed tomography (μCT) was performed immediately following MRI on the intact samples prior to dissection to obtain high-resolution radiographic images of the fenestrated disc spaces and associated vertebral structures. µCT scans were performed in the sagittal plane using an Inveon Scanner (Siemens, USA). Scan effective pixel size or resolution was set to 54 µm for all scans. µCT scans were stored in DICOM format. The DICOM images were viewed using Inveon™ Research Workplace (IRW) (Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA). Three-dimensional models were reconstructed and examined in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes for any evidence of adverse osseous reactions, endplate sclerosis, and changes in IVD morphology.
Inveon research workplace irw
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in United States
The Inveon Research Workplace (IRW) is a multimodal imaging platform designed for preclinical research. It integrates various imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT), within a single system. The IRW enables researchers to acquire high-resolution images and perform comprehensive in vivo studies on small laboratory animals.
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Lab products found in correlation
Inveon, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Inveon scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Living image 4, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Matlab, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Micro ct, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Pmod 3, by PMOD Technologies (1 mentions)
Micro pet scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Inveon dedicated pet dpet system, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Inveon multimodality mm system ct spect, by Siemens (1 mentions)
14 protocols using inveon research workplace irw
1
High-resolution Imaging of Intervertebral Discs
2
Quantifying Cancer Imaging Biomarkers
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For all data analysis of CLI- and PET-data, raw data were used. Data analysis was conducted with Inveon Research Workplace (IRW, Siemens Preclinical Solutions, Knoxville, USA). PET and MRI data were co-registered for exact, MRI-guided delineation of volumes of interest (VOI). PET-VOIs were drawn manually for tumors. Living Image 4.4 (Perkin Elmer, Wellesley, MA, USA) was used for CLI data analysis. CLI-Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn manually for in vivo tumors and ex vivo organs using the individually acquired bright-field images, standardized background ROIs were used for background subtraction. Neither PET-, nor CLI-data were decay corrected. As mentioned before, obtained CLI-values were either expressed as photons / second (p/s) or average radiances (p/s/cm2/steradian), while PET-data were either expressed as kBq / cm3 (kBq/cc) or as percent of the injected dose / cm3 (%ID/cc).
3
Aligning In Vivo and Post-Mortem PET Scans
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To align the first in vivo PET scan from each animal to the post mortem PET scan of the frozen animal, the tumor was segmented in both images with a standard uptake value (SUV) threshold ≥0.4 in Inveon Research Workplace (IRW; Siemens). The threshold segmentations were manually corrected to include low-uptake tumor areas (e.g., necrosis) and to exclude nontumor tissues (e.g., lymph nodes and muscle). The final segmented images were exported and loaded in MATLAB (version R2013a; MathWorks) and converted to the Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI) file format. Finally, the two images from each mouse were nonrigidly aligned with Elastix (22 (link)). The alignment quality was assessed visually, based on the agreement of the alive and post mortem PET tracer uptake and on the rate of voxel volume changes. The same workflow can be applied if more than one region is of interest.
4
PET/CT Imaging of Aortic Arch Atherosclerosis
5
Micro-CT Analysis of Murine Femoral Metaphysis
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The trabecular bone
of right femoral metaphysis of mice was scanned with micro-CT (SIEMENS,
Munich, Germany). The micro-CT analysis was performed with a total
rotation of 360°, an exposure time of 1500 ms, an effective pixel
size of 9.21 μm, and a high system magnification. The raw data
were generated using the micro-CT system’s scan reconstruction
software COBRA_Exxim (EXXIM Computing Corp., Livermore, CA). The imaging
analysis software Inveon Research Workplace (IRW, SIEMENS, Munich,
Germany) and the Mimics (Materialise Inc., Leuven, Belgium) were then
used to generate the medical digital imaging and communications (Dicom)
format files and to perform image reconstruction and screenshots.
of right femoral metaphysis of mice was scanned with micro-CT (SIEMENS,
Munich, Germany). The micro-CT analysis was performed with a total
rotation of 360°, an exposure time of 1500 ms, an effective pixel
size of 9.21 μm, and a high system magnification. The raw data
were generated using the micro-CT system’s scan reconstruction
software COBRA_Exxim (EXXIM Computing Corp., Livermore, CA). The imaging
analysis software Inveon Research Workplace (IRW, SIEMENS, Munich,
Germany) and the Mimics (Materialise Inc., Leuven, Belgium) were then
used to generate the medical digital imaging and communications (Dicom)
format files and to perform image reconstruction and screenshots.
6
Multimodal Imaging Protocol for Quantitative Analysis
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The CT raw data were reconstructed with a Feldkamp algorithm using a Ramp filter followed by standard rat beam‐hardening correction and noise reduction (matrix size: 1024 × 1024; effective pixel size: 97.56 μm). The dedicated CT image data were calibrated to Hounsfield Units (HU). PET list mode data were sorted into three‐dimensional sinograms and reconstructed using an OSEM 3D/OP‐MAP scatter corrected reconstruction algorithm and a ramp filter (matrix size 128 × 128). The data were normalized and corrected for random, dead time, and radioactive decay. A calibration factor was applied to convert the activity information into absolute concentration units. Multimodal (μPET/CT) rigid‐body image registration and biomedical image quantification was performed using the image analysis software PMOD 3.8 (PMOD Technologies, Switzerland) and Inveon Research Workplace (IRW; Siemens Medical Solutions). Volumes of interest were outlined on multiple planes of the CT and PET images. Time activity curves (TACs) were calculated, normalized to dose and weight, and expressed as standardized uptake values (SUV; g/mL) to facilitate the comparison.
7
Imaging Tumor and Inflammation in Mice
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All of the tumor- and inflammation-bearing mice were imaged in the prone position in the MicroPET scanner (Siemens, Munich, Germany). The mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and injected with 5.55-7.4 MBq of the new radiotracer via the tail vein. Static scans were obtained for 5 minutes at 1 and 2 hours post-injection (pi). The images were reconstructed by a two-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation maximum (OSEM2D) algorithm. After each micro-PET scan, the regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn over the tumor, liver, kidneys, and inflamed muscle on decay-corrected whole-body coronal images using Inveon Research Workplace (IRW, Siemens, Munich, Germany) to obtain the imaging ROI-derived percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g).
8
Voxel-based and ROI Analysis
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Data acquisition and processing was carried out using INVEON Research Workplace (IRW®, Siemens) software and the statistical parametric mapping software SPM12®. Images were analyzed in two steps, i.e., a voxel-based analysis and a regions of interest (ROIs) analysis.
9
Small Animal PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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Small animal PET/CT imaging
was performed as previously described.28 (link) Briefly, the radiotracers (3.7 MBq) were injected via tail vein
and imaged at 2 h p.i. A blocking study was performed by co-injecting
20 μg of Y3-TATE with the radiotracers. Static imaging was performed
on an Inveon PET/CT scanner46 (link),47 (link) with 10 min PET scanning
followed by 5 min CT. Inveon Research Workplace (IRW) from Siemens
Healthcare Global was used for coregistration of PET/CT images and
quantification of regions of interest (ROI). PET/CT images were reconstructed
with maximum a posteriori (MAP), 3D ordered-subset expectation maximization
(OSEM3D), 2D ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM2D), and
filtered back projection (2DFBP). Standard uptake values (SUV) were
generated by measuring ROI from PET/CT images and calculated with
the formula: SUV = [nCi/ml] × [animal weight
(g)]/injected dose [nCi].
was performed as previously described.28 (link) Briefly, the radiotracers (3.7 MBq) were injected via tail vein
and imaged at 2 h p.i. A blocking study was performed by co-injecting
20 μg of Y3-TATE with the radiotracers. Static imaging was performed
on an Inveon PET/CT scanner46 (link),47 (link) with 10 min PET scanning
followed by 5 min CT. Inveon Research Workplace (IRW) from Siemens
Healthcare Global was used for coregistration of PET/CT images and
quantification of regions of interest (ROI). PET/CT images were reconstructed
with maximum a posteriori (MAP), 3D ordered-subset expectation maximization
(OSEM3D), 2D ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM2D), and
filtered back projection (2DFBP). Standard uptake values (SUV) were
generated by measuring ROI from PET/CT images and calculated with
the formula: SUV = [nCi/ml] × [animal weight
(g)]/injected dose [nCi].
10
Small Animal PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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