PDS was performed using a tunable light source consisting of a 250-W quartz tungsten halogen lamp coupled to a 250-mm focal length grating monochromator. The monochromatic excitation beam was modulated with a mechanical chopper at 13 Hz and focused on the sample surface at normal incidence angle. The samples were immersed in FluorinertTM FC-72 (3M) liquid to improve the thermooptic response in the excitation spot surroundings. Thermal gradient at the sample surface caused by nonradiative relaxation caused deflection of a probe laser beam passed parallel to the sample surface (transverse configuration), detected by a quadrant photodiode and demodulated with a lock-in amplifier (Stanford Research Systems, SR830). The sub-gap (Eg) absorption data A(E) were fitted to the Urbach formula assuming linear dependence of the PDS signal on the optical absorption coefficient, leading to determination of the Urbach energy (Eu) representing the electronic disorder
Fc 72
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in Germany, United States
FC-72 is a fluorochemical liquid produced by 3M. It is an inert, colorless, and odorless fluid with a high dielectric strength and a low surface tension. FC-72 is commonly used in laboratory equipment and applications that require the handling of volatile liquids or where the low viscosity and high chemical stability of the fluid are beneficial.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using fc 72
1
Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy of Optical Absorption
2
Characterization of Calvatia Basidiospores
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Basidiospores of the Calvatia species were selected, since these spores have been well characterized in terms of their morphology and surface properties as well as their distribution, retention and clearance by macrophages in rodent lungs upon inhalation [26 (link),34 (link)]. In addition, all analyses were performed in comparison to other particle types of the same size [9 (link),34 (link)]. Fungal spores of Calvatia excipuliformis (3.5 μm in diameter), collected from dried mushrooms as previously described [26 (link)], were suspended at a density of 2 × 107 particles/mL in fluorocarbon FC-72 (3 M, Neuss, Germany).
Similarly, valuable background information on AuNP for this in-vitro study was retrieved from very recent inhalation experiments with spark generated 20-nm AuNP using the same COPD animal model [18 (link)]. Colloidal gold particles (AuNP, 20 nm in diameter), suspended at 1 × 1011 particles/mL in citrate buffer, were obtained from Plano (Wetzlar, Germany).
Similarly, valuable background information on AuNP for this in-vitro study was retrieved from very recent inhalation experiments with spark generated 20-nm AuNP using the same COPD animal model [18 (link)]. Colloidal gold particles (AuNP, 20 nm in diameter), suspended at 1 × 1011 particles/mL in citrate buffer, were obtained from Plano (Wetzlar, Germany).
3
Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy of Thin Films
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
For photothermal
deflection spectroscopy (PDS) experiments the thin films (∼500
nm) were spin-coated on Spectrosil 2000 fused silica substrates. The
samples were excited with a monochromatic pump beam coming from a
tuneable light source consisting of a quartz tungsten halogen lamp
and a grating monochromator, mechanically modulated at 10 Hz. A portion
of the absorbed light energy converts into heat through nonradiative
recombination, producing an alternating temperature gradient at the
sample surface. With the samples immersed in a liquid with a high
thermo-optic coefficient (3M Fluorinert FC-72), which creates a thermal
lensing effect around the excitation spot, they were probed with a
continuous wave probe laser beam (670 nm) passed parallel to the perovskite
layer surface. The beam deflection was detected with a quadrant photodiode
and demodulated with a lock-in amplifier. PDS enables the measurement
of a signal proportional to absorbance with a high dynamic range while
remaining insensitive to light scattering and other unwanted effects
present in UV–vis spectroscopy.
deflection spectroscopy (PDS) experiments the thin films (∼500
nm) were spin-coated on Spectrosil 2000 fused silica substrates. The
samples were excited with a monochromatic pump beam coming from a
tuneable light source consisting of a quartz tungsten halogen lamp
and a grating monochromator, mechanically modulated at 10 Hz. A portion
of the absorbed light energy converts into heat through nonradiative
recombination, producing an alternating temperature gradient at the
sample surface. With the samples immersed in a liquid with a high
thermo-optic coefficient (3M Fluorinert FC-72), which creates a thermal
lensing effect around the excitation spot, they were probed with a
continuous wave probe laser beam (670 nm) passed parallel to the perovskite
layer surface. The beam deflection was detected with a quadrant photodiode
and demodulated with a lock-in amplifier. PDS enables the measurement
of a signal proportional to absorbance with a high dynamic range while
remaining insensitive to light scattering and other unwanted effects
present in UV–vis spectroscopy.
4
Ultrastructural Imaging of Pig Trachea and Slug Foot
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!