Manganese sulfate monohydride

Citric acid, yeast extract, malt extract, calcium lactate pentahydride, tween 80, sodium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate heptahydride, manganese sulfate monohydride, sucrose, glucose, fructose, peptone, calcium carbonate and agar were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Cycloheximide was obtained from MP Biomedicals, LLC (Solon, OH, USA) and oxytetracycline dihydrate was obtained from Acros Organics (Springfield Township, NJ, USA). Lactic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), (±)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 (PCB2) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Procyanidin C1 (PCC1) and cinnamtannin A2 (CinA2) were obtained from Planta Analytica (New Milford, CT, USA). Solvents were ACS grade or higher.

Cargill, Inc. (Wayzata, MN, USA) generously provided raw unfermented cocoa beans, sourced from Hispaniola. The beans were stored in burlap sacks at 3.5 °C prior to use. LC-MS grade acetonitrile (ACN), LC-MS grade methanol (MeOH), citric acid, yeast extract, malt extract, calcium-lactate pentahydride, tween 80, sodium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate heptahydride, manganese sulfate monohydride, sucrose, glucose, fructose, calcium carbonate, agar, and water were obtained from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Glacial acetic acid, methanol, and acetone were obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). The standards of (−)-epicatechin (EC), (±)-catechin (C), and procyanidin B2 (PCB2) were obtained from ChromaDex (Irving, CA). Standards of procyanidin C1 (PCC1), cinnamtannin A2 (CinA2), and DP 5-9 purified from cocoa (purity: DP 3-5: 93–99%, DP6-9: 80–92%) were obtained from Planta Analytica (New Milford, CT, USA). Ammonium formate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), and α-glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (G5003, St. Louis, MO, USA). The solvents were ACS grade or higher.