Susceptibility of the L. monocytogenes isolates was tested to six biocides commonly used to sanitize food contact surfaces, namely, the quaternary ammonium compound BAC (≥95%; Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), GDA (50%; Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), IPA (≥99.9%; Carl Roth), the chlorine-releasing compound NaClO (12% Cl, techn.; Carl Roth), the oxidizing agent PAA (36 to 40% [wt/vol]; Sigma-Aldrich), and a biocidal product (Budenat Intense D443; Buzil-Werk Wagner, Memmingen, Germany) containing APD (7.5% [wt/wt]) as an active ingredient. The biocides were serially diluted in 2-fold steps just before the experiment using standardized hard water as defined in EN 1276, as follows: 10 to 0.08 mg/liter BAC, 5,650 to 44 mg/liter GDA, 249,600 to 3,900 mg/liter IPA, 8,000 to 62.5 mg/liter free chlorine (NaClO), 2,875 to 22 mg/liter PAA, and 48 to 0.7 mg/liter APD in Budenat.
Ingenuity pathway analysis (ipa)
Manufactured by Carl Roth
Sourced in Germany
IPA is a lab equipment product that serves as a cleaning and degreasing solvent. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. IPA is commonly used for various applications in laboratory environments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Naclo, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Furfuryl alcohol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Propylene carbonate, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium alginate powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
1 4 dioxane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 butanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Vacuum oven, by Gallenkamp (1 mentions)
4 protocols using ingenuity pathway analysis (ipa)
1
Biocide Susceptibility of L. monocytogenes
2
Fabrication of Alginate-Based Materials
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Sodium alginate powder (lot number: 71238) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Fine calcium carbonate powder (Ph. Eur. grade) was acquired from Magnesia GmbH (Lüneburg, Germany). CO2 was supplied by AGA Gas GmbH (Hamburg, Germany). Ethanol, IPA, DMF, acetonitrile and propylene carbonate purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany); glycerol from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); acetone, MEK, DEK from Bernd Kraft (Duisburg, Germany); and 1-butanol, DMSO, furfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and 1,4-dioxane were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The water used throughout the study was deionized (pH 6.5–7.0).
3
Biocide Susceptibility of E. coli
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The susceptibility of E. coli to seven biocides frequently added to antiseptics and disinfectants applied in healthcare and food production was tested, namely GDA (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), CHG (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), BAC (Sigma Aldrich), OCT (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany), IPA (Carl Roth), NaOCl (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany) and PCMC (Sigma Aldrich). The concentrated chemical solutions were freshly diluted prior to the experiments with standardized hard water as defined in EN 1276. Serial twofold dilutions were prepared in 96-well plates within the following concentration ranges: 8192 to 64 mg/L of GDA, 64 to 0.5 mg/L of CHG, 256 to 2 mg/L of BAC, 32 to 0.25 mg/L of OCT, 262,144 to 2048 mg/L of IPA, 4096 to 64 mg/L of NaOCl and 8192 to 64 mg/L of PCMC.
4
Fabrication of Composite m-PBI Membrane
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A meta-polybenzimidazole film (m-PBI, 6.5 × 6.5 cm, thickness 6 μm), prepared as described in Section 4.1 , was placed on a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet (PTFE, 15.5 × 15.5 cm, 200 μm thickness, Itin Technik GmbH, Twann, Switzerland) and covered by a microporous polypropylene separator (PP, TreoPore® PDA-30, 7.0 × 7.0 cm, thickness 30 μm, porosity > 60%, Treofan, Raunheim, Germany). Then, using Kimwipe® disposable wipers (Kimberly-Clark Professional, Koblenz, Germany), the PP separator was wetted by a gluing solution comprising dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 99%, Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany) in isopropanol (IPA, 99.5%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) with a volume ratio of 1:2. Simultaneously, air between the layers was removed until the underlying m-PBI layer was seen clearly. Subsequently, the excess of solvent was removed and the stack was completed by placing two regular tissues (10.5 × 10.5 cm) and a PTFE sheet (15.5 × 15.5 cm, 200 μm thickness, Itin Technik GmbH, Twann, Switzerland) on top of the PP film. The stack was hot-pressed at 80 °C with a force of 2.5 tons for 15 min. Lastly, the hot-pressed composite membrane was placed in a vacuum oven (Gallenkamp, Loughborough, UK) at 100 °C for 45 min and then in IPA for 1 h. The resulting composite membrane was then ready for further tests or characterization measures without any additional pretreatment.
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