Texture exponent lite 32

Texture profile analysis (TPA) was conducted using a TA-TX plus Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, Ltd., Godalming, UK) with the Texture Exponent Lite 32 software (version 6.1.4.0, Stable Micro Systems). TPA was performed on cubes (15x15x15 mm) taken from the central crumb of each cake. The test speed was 1 mm/s with a strain of 40 % of the original cube height and a 5 s interval between the two compression cycles; the trigger force was 0.049N. The double compression test was performed with a 35 mm diameter aluminium plate (P/35). The parameters obtained from the curves were hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness and springiness. Eight cubes of each cake were measured.

Texture measurements were carried out using a TA-XTplus Texture Analyzer (Stable Microsystem, Godalming, UK) with Texture Exponent Lite 32 software (version 4.0.8.0, Stable Microsystems).
The test was performed on four cube-shaped (1.5 cm) samples taken from the central crumb of two cakes prepared on different days (n = 8). A double compression test was performed with a 35 mm diameter aluminium plate (P/35). The test speed was 1 mm s À1 , maximum deformation was 40% of the original cube height, and the interval between two successive compression cycles was 5 s. A trigger force of 5 g was selected. The parameters obtained from the curves were hardness, springiness, chewiness and resilience.