Tween 80

Tween 80, Carbopol 940, Carbopol Ultrez 21, acetone, chloroform, propylene glycol, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and Span 80 were obtained from S D Fine Chemicals Ltd., Mumbai, India. Methanol was purchased from Merck, Mumbai, India. Mueller–Hinton agar (which is produced by Becton, Dickinson, and company, Franklin lakes, NJ, United States) was used in the culture media. Marketed Timur oil was purchased from Moksha lifestyle, New Delhi (India). The rosemary oil and lavender oil were obtained from Pharmacos, Faridabad, Haryana, India. The Indian variety of Timur seeds and Nepali variety of Timur seeds were obtained from Hari Gokul, Khari Baoli, Old Delhi, India, and Khopra, Nepal, respectively. Both Indian and Nepali varieties of Timur seeds, authenticated by Prof. Javed Ahmad, Ex-head Department of Botany, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, has been deposited in the Herbarium of the herbal garden, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Tacrolimus (TAC) was received as a gift sample from Concord Biotech, Gujarat, India. Thymoquinone (THQ) and Rhodamine B were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Capryol 90, Labrasol, Gelot 64, Apifil CG, Precirol ATO 5, Labrafil M 1944 CS, Lauroglycol 90, Peceol, Masine 35-1, and Plurol Diisostearique were obtained from Gattefose India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India as a gift sample. Triethanolamine, stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate (GMS; also called monostearin) were procured from CDH Fine Chemicals (New Delhi, India). (Span 80 and 20), Mannitol and Tween 80 were purchased from SD Fine Chemicals (Mumbai, India). PEG 400 was procured from Thomas Baker Chemicals, New Delhi, India. Lubrizol India (Mumbai, India) was kind enough to gift the Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF for this work. Analytical-grade acetonitrile and methanol were procured from Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India. The remaining chemicals and reagents used for this research work were of analytical grade.

Chemicals acquired from SRL Chemicals include glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), 1,2-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), disodium orthophosphate (Na₂HPO₄), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), sodium potassium tartrate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃). Chemicals acquired from Thomas Baker Chemicals include hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and sodium azide (NaN₃). Chemicals acquired from Spectrochem Chemicals include thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide-hydrochloride (EDC-Hcl). Chemicals acquired from SD Fine Chemicals include Tween^©80 and epinephrine (−). Chemicals acquired from Hi Media Chemicals include bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Chemicals acquired from Sigma-Aldrich include silymarin, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), MDA, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and finally, Ovicoll Collagen was acquired from Holista Colltech Limited Australia.