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4 protocols using angpt 1

1

Endothelial Cell Signaling Pathway

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All chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise specified. Antibodies against Tie2 (C-20) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), Tie2 (clone Ab33) (Merck Millipore), GATA3 (D13C9) (Cell Signaling), MMP14/MT1-MMP (D1E4) (Cell Signaling), pAKT (Ser473, D9E) (Cell Signaling), AKT (11E7) (Cell Signaling) and ubiquitin (Cell Signaling) β-tubulin and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) were used. Soluble Tie2 levels were determined using the human Tie-2 DuoSet ELISA and the mouse Tie-2 Quantikine Kit. HUVECs were stimulated with TNFα, Angpt-1 and Angpt-2 (all from R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN).
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2

Endothelial Cell Response to COVID-19 Plasma

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HUVECs (pooled donor, Lonza) were grown and maintained in endothelial cell growth basal media (EBM-2, Lonza), containing 2% FBS and contents of the EGM-2 SingleQuots growth factor supplement kit. Cells from passages 3–5 were used for experiments. HUVECs were grown to confluency in 96-well plates (Corning) and incubated overnight with 10% pooled patient plasma and H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-OH (GPRP, 5 mM, Cayman Chemical) in the presence of complete growth media. Supplementation of Angpt-1 (300 ng/mL, R&D Systems) or AKB-9778 (5 μM, a gift from Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) was performed 30 minutes prior to addition of patient plasma. All endothelial cell–based studies were performed in a dedicated tissue culture room designated specifically for work with COVID-19 biospecimens.
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3

Measuring Plasma Protein Levels in ARDS

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Plasma samples from the ARDS and recovery cohorts were used for ELISAs, according to manufacturer recommendations. Human ANGPT2 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; catalog number DANG20) and RIPK3 (Cusabio, Houston, TX; catalog number CSB-EL019737HU) kits were used to measure plasma protein levels. In addition, CD40LG (R&D Systems; catalog number DCDL40) and ANGPT1 (R&D Systems; catalog number DANG10) were measured in high- and low-expressing patient samples (N = 6 each, 12 total) to validate the O-link platform. Plasma samples were diluted (1:8 dilution for ANGPT2, 1:10 dilution for RIPK3, 1:8 dilution for ANGPT1, and 1:15 dilution for CD40L) before plating. Final sample absorbance was measured at 450 nm with wavelength correction performed at 570 nm. Sample concentrations were calculated from a four-parameter logistic curve generated from known standard concentrations. Dilution factors were accounted for to calculate the final sample concentration. Plasma protein values were log10 transformed before statistical analysis.
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4

Investigating TEK-CYP1B1 Interaction in HEK293 Cells

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HEK293 cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 (Thermo Fisher) plus 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. For TEK-CYP1B1 interaction studies, HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding recombinant HA-TEK and GFP-tagged CYP1B1 proteins. Cells were then subjected to pull down using GFP antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) crosslinked to AminoLink Plus Coupling Resin (Chromotek, Hauppauge, NY), as described earlier (Rao et al. 2016 (link)). The pulled-down proteins were washed three times with lysis buffer, and the samples were eluted in glycine lysis buffer (pH 2.8), neutralized using 1 M Tris pH 9.5, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting.
HUVECs were maintained in EBM-2 media from Lonza (Walkersville, MD) supplemented with EGM-2 SingleQuots (Lonza). After transient transfection, the cells were treated with recombinant human Angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT-1; 600 ng/ml; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), as described earlier (Souma et al. 2016 (link)). The cells were then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 5% goat serum, and incubated with primary antibodies: HA (Abcam) and ZO-1 (Thermo Fisher) overnight. After washing, Alexa 488-conjugated and Alexa 546-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher) were added for 1 h. After washing, nuclear stain Hoechst was added, and the cells were imaged using a Leica microscope (DM5500).
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