Prism 8 statistical software

Descriptive statistics were expressed using the mean ± standard deviation (SD). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine if there were statistically significant differences between clinical and demographic variables. The correlation of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p with biochemical variables was evaluated by Spearman correlation. The relative expression levels of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p were calculated by using the 2^−∆∆CT method among the three patient groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and comparison of the derived area under the curve (AUC) was performed to evaluate the possible roles of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p in the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes from healthy controls. The Wilson-Brown model in GraphPad prism software was used for ROC curve analysis. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8 Statistical Software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism 8 Statistical Software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) and SAS Software, version 9.4, of the SAS software for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The number of subjects required for individual set of experiments was estimated using power analysis (set at 80% and α = 0.05). The summary graphs are reported as means ± standard errors of means (SEMs) or medians with the interquartile range (IQR). Traces in Figure 1 and Figure 2 are reported as means ± SEM, while the traces in Figure 3 and Figure 4 are reported as medians without IQRs, for simplicity. All the experiments contain cells originating from at least three independent experimental runs/culture preparations. Student’s t-test (pooled variances) was used for the experiments comparing the two independent groups conforming to normality based on Shapiro-Wilk test for normality (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figures S1 and S3). For data sets containing groups that deviated from normality, nonparametric statistics were used, with multiple independent groups analyzed using Kruskal−Wallis one-way ANOVA (KWA) followed by Dunn’s test (Figure 3 and Figure 4). The significance was established at p < 0.05.

Statistical analyses were carried out using Prism8 Statistical Software from GraphPad Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA). Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to check the normality of the data. The one-way test was employed to compare three groups of data, while the Student’s t-test was used to assess the occurrence of significant differences between the two sets of data. All data were expressed as mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD). Significance was set at p < 0.05.

All quantitative results are presented as means ± SE. Data were subjected to Student’s t test or 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test where appropriate, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism 8 Statistical Software (GraphPad, San Diego, CA).