Augmentin

Glutathione, Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, amikacin, Augmentin, gentamicin and tobramycin), resazurin dye, crystal violet solution, Phosphate buffered saline (1 × PBS) and Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, Australia). Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) was obtained from Oxoid (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia), Enzymes: DNase-I was obtained from Invitrogen (Melbourne, Australia), α-Amylase from MP Biomedicals (NSW, Australia) and Proteinase K from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, Australia). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Fetal bovine serum (FBS) from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, Australia).

MIC of 12 different antibiotics was determined for 26 PVL-positive (12 MRSA and 14 MSSA) and 9 PVL-negative isolates (4 MRSA and 5 MSSA) by microbroth dilution [23 ]. The antibiotics included fusidic acid, tetracycline, Augmentin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, vancomycin, linezolid, kanamycin, and rifampicin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). The clinical isolates were suspended in physiological saline (0.5 McFarland) using Densimat (Biomerieux, Italy) following which 100 µL of each suspended isolate was dispensed into microtiter wells containing doubling dilutions of the 12 antibiotics in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth (Becton Dickinson and Company, USA). The microtiter plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 hrs and were read in reflected light.
Data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 11.5.