Phytosterol standards

Hexane, heptane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol and acetone were purchased from VWR BDH Chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Pyridine, BSTFA + 1% TMSC, DPPH, Folin–Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate, ellagic acid, gallic acid, fatty acids, phytosterol standards, α-cholestane and enzymes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France). Purchased enzymes were a cocktail of arabanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, hemicellulase and xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (Viscozyme L, ≥100 FBGU/g), acid protease from Rhizopus sp. (P0107, ≥0.2 U/mg) and an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis (Alcalase 2.4 L FG, ≥2.4 U/g). Tocotrienol and tocopherol mixed solution standard came from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France).

The 5α-cholestane, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, phytosterol standards, carotenoids standards, and p-anisidine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Tocochromanols (>95%, HPLC) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The standard of fatty acid methyl esters mixture (FAME) was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Other solvents and reagents were of analytical (ACS) or HPLC grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany).