R programming software version 3

In order to describe the time trend of attributable burden to kidney dysfunction, age-standardized rates and their estimated percentage changes were calculated from 1990 to 2019 for deaths, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs. We classified age into eight categories, including<20, 20-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and 80 plus. The age-standardized rates have been presented as per 100,000 population. For each point estimate, the 95% uncertainty interval (95% UI) has also been presented. The uncertainty intervals (UIs) were defined as the 25th and 975th values of the ordered draws. The R programming software version 3.6.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for implementing statistical analysis (25 ).

The baseline characteristics of the patients are described as numbers and percentages for categorical variables, and as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range for continuous variables. Comparisons between the groups were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal Wallis test. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Changes in the echocardiographic parameters were compared using the linear mixed models, and all baseline characteristics were used as covariates. Event-free survival analyses were conducted by Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model adjusted with baseline characteristics including NT-ProBNP. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and R programming software version 3.6.1 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.