Energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy eds system

X-ray diffraction (XRD), with Cu-Kα radiation using a 9 kW. Intelligent X-ray diffraction system that was provided by SmartLab-Rigaku, Akishima-shi, Tokyo-Japan, was used to investigate the general crystal structure of all samples. A field emission high-resolution transmission electron microscope (FE-HRTEM) operated at 200 kV (2100F-field emission high resolution, supplied by JEOL, Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo-Japan) was used to study the structure and morphology of samples. The microscope was equipped with a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) unit interfaced with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) system, supplied by Oxford Instruments, Abingdon-UK. These units were employed to conduct the local elemental analysis of the samples. However, the chemical composition of some samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) provided by Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Saitama-Japan.
The XRD pattern of the starting mixture powder of Zr₆₇Pd₃₃ is presented in Fig. 2. The powders at this initial stage (0 h) of MA revealed high-intensity Bragg peaks, corresponding to hcp-Zr and fcc-Pd metals (Fig. 2a). After 25 h of MA time, these elemental Bragg lines were replaced by a halo-diffuse pattern (Fig. 2b), implying the formation of amorphous Zr₂Pd.