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87 protocols using c8267

1

Conditional Genetic Manipulation in Mice

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All mouse strains were maintained in the specific pathogen–free animal facility in University of California, San Francisco, and all animal protocols were approved by and in accordance with the guidelines established by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and Laboratory Animal Resource Center. Littermate controls were used for all experiments when feasible, and all mice were backcrossed >10 generations on a C57BL/6 background unless otherwise indicated. The following mouse strains used are described in the table above and are as referenced in the text. For experiments using conditional alleles, Tamoxifen (T5648; Sigma-Aldrich) was diluted in corn oil (C8267; Sigma-Aldrich) at 37°C overnight and administered intragastrically at a concentration of 50 mg/kg three times every other day beginning at P1–P2 for Cx3cr1-creER and P2ry12-creER. 4-HydroxyTamoxifen (4-OHT; Hello Bio, HB6040) was dissolved at 20 mg/ml in ethanol by shaking at 37°C for 15 min and was then aliquoted and stored at −20°C for up to several weeks. Before use, 4-OHT was redissolved in ethanol by shaking at 37°C for 15 min, and corn oil (C8267; Sigma-Aldrich) was added to give a final concentration of 2.5 mg/ml 4-OHT. The final 2.5 mg/ml 4-OHT solutions were always used on the day they were prepared and administered intraperitoneally at a concentration of 50 mg/kg.
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2

Tamoxifen-Induced Influenza Response

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100 mg tamoxifen citrate (USP-Grade, Spectrum Chemical, T1423) was dissolved in 5 ml of corn oil (Millipore Sigma, C8267) at a final concentration of 20 mg/mL, covered in aluminum foil and shaken overnight at 37°C. Mice were administered 75 mg/kg tamoxifen (or an equivalent volume of PBS or corn oil as negative controls) intraperitoneally for 5 days consecutively followed by a 9-day chase period. After the chase period, some mice were infected with 104 PFU influenza A/x31 intranasally.
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3

Tamoxifen Dissolved Corn Oil Treatment

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Tamoxifen (Alfa Aesar, catalog #J63509) was dissolved in corn oil (MilliporeSigma, catalog #C8267) at the concentration of 20 mg/ml in a 37C shaker overnight one day before the treatment began and kept at 4C during the 5-day treatment.
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4

Tamoxifen-Induced Cre Activation and EdU Tracing

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Tamoxifen (catalog T5648; Sigma) was dissolved in corn oil (catalog C8267; MilliporeSigma) to make a 20 mg/mL stock solution. Mice were given via i.p. injection (200 mg/kg) to activate the Cre recombinase. EdU was administered via i.p. injection (50 mg/kg), followed by a chase of 3 hours.
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5

Tamoxifen and Progesterone Administration

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For embryonic experiments tamoxifen (80 mg/kg) and progesterone (40 mg/kg) were co-injected intraperitoneally (IP) into pregnant dams 24 hours before collection of embryos. To prepare, 100 mg of tamoxifen (Millipore-Sigma, T5648) was dissolved in 5 mL of corn oil (Millipore-Sigma C8267) to which was added 5 mL of 50 mg/mL progesterone dissolved in sesame oil (Watson Pharma Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey; NDC 0591-3128-79). This was then sterilized through a 0.22 μm filter and stored at 4°C before use. For early neonatal experiments, tamoxifen was administered by IP injection at a dose of 150 μg on four sequential days beginning at postnatal day 5 (P5). tamoxifen was prepared at a concentration of 20 μg/μl dissolved in corn oil or sunflower seed oil for injection. For juvenile and adult experiments tamoxifen was administered by chow (400 mg/kg tamoxifen citrate) (Envigo, Huntingdon, United Kingdom; TD.130860) for 10-14 days (juvenile), 7 days (adult visceral organs), or 14 days (adult skeleton). tamoxifen was administered by chow in longer-term juvenile and adult experiments to avoid unnecessary injections.33 IP injections were unavoidable in embryonic and neonatal experiments. Differences in recombination efficiency between the two methods of tamoxifen administration were not directly assessed.
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6

Quantifying Monocyte Turnover in Atherosclerosis

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Acute cold challenge. All CCR2 creER/+ R26 TdTomato mice were given 200 μL 20 mg/mL TAM (MilliporeSigma T5648) in corn oil (MilliporeSigma C8267) through oral gavage (82, 83). On the same day, experimental mice were transferred to a 4°C cold room for 48 hours, where control littermates remained housed at room temperature. Blood samples were collected to assess labeling efficiency. Percentage of Tomato + AG macrophages was normalized to percentage of Tomato + circulating monocytes. Chronic atherosclerosis. All CCR2 creER/+ R26 TdTomato Ldlr -/-mice were first fed on HFD for 8 weeks to induce disease. Both age-matched CCR2 creER/+ R26 TdTomato on normal diet and CCR2 creER/+ R26 TdTomato Ldlr -/-mice were administered with 200 μL TAM in corn oil. Mice were sacrificed at day 2 or day 5 after TAM treatment to evaluate initial and late waves of monocyte turnover. All experiments were designed in a sex-balanced and age-matched manner.
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7

Induction of Mutant Kir6.2 Expression in Mice

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In Rosa26mKir6.2NDM and Rosa26mKir6.2NDM-V108E mice, the expression of mutant Kir6.2 activity occurred in the pancreas upon the excision of the Neo/WSS cassette by the tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase (Remedi et al., 2009 (link)). Exposure to tamoxifen permitted the translocation of Cre recombinase from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in order to perform the excision between loxP sites within the targeted Rosa26 locus. To induce the expression of mutant Kir6.2 activity and consequently the diabetic phenotype in these mutant mice (8–12 weeks of age), corn oil containing tamoxifen (75 mg/kg body weight; prepared as described below) was injected intraperitoneally for five consecutive days. Injection sites were sealed with a tissue adhesive (3M Vetbond) to prevent leakage of the injected liquid.
To make a liquid stock of tamoxifen (20 mg/ml) for injection, tamoxifen solids (Millipore-Sigma, T5648) were added into corn oil (Millipore-Sigma, C8267) in a polypropylene tube wrapped with aluminum foil to protect tamoxifen from light. The stock was placed on a nutator to dissolve overnight at room temperature. The dissolved tamoxifen stock was filtered through a sterilized Steriflip unit (Millipore) then aseptically aliquoted, stored at 4°C, and used within 5 days.
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8

Tamoxifen Administration Protocol for Mice

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TAM (T-5648, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in corn oil (C-8267, Sigma-Aldrich) at a stock concentration of 10 mg/ml. The mice received two rounds of treatment. In each round, the mice received 100μg TAM/g bodyweight (i.p.) once a day for three consecutive days. The rounds were separated by 2 days during which time animals had access to a special TAM diet (400 mg/kg, LASCRdiet CreActive TAM400, Lasvendi, Germany). The animals had continuous access to the TAM diet throughout the duration of the experiment unless indicated otherwise (during the reversal experiment 2).
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9

TSPO Knockout Mouse Development

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The phenylpurine XBD173 (AC-5216, emapunil) was obtained by custom synthesis from APAC Pharmaceuticals. The mice received intraperitoneal injections of XBD173 at a dose of 10 mg/kg dissolved in DMSO or DMSO as a vehicle control daily starting one day before laser photocoagulation. tamoxifen powder (T5648, Sigma-Aldrich) was partially dissolved in 100% ethanol and vortexed for 5 min. Filter-sterilized corn oil (C8267, Sigma-Aldrich) was added to a 9:1 oil:ethanol mixture ratio to a final concentration of 20 mg/ml tamoxifen and incubated at 37 °C until full dissolution. The prepared tamoxifen working solution was stored at −20 °C protected from light. For induction of Cre recombinase activity, 4−6-week-old TSPOΔMG mice and littermates carrying the respective loxP-flanked alleles but lacking expression of Cre recombinase (TSPOfl/fl), were treated 4 weeks before start of experiments with 4 mg tamoxifen injected intraperitoneally twice 2 days apart.
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10

Tamoxifen-Induced Genetic Recombination in Mice

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Tamoxifen (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, T5648) was dissolved in corn oil (Sigma-Aldrich, C8267). Adult mice (6–8 weeks old) received three intraperitoneal injections of Tamoxifen to initiate genetic recombination at a dose of 180 mg/kg, each injection was separated by 24 h. For BrdU labeling, mice received daily intraperitoneal BrdU (Sigma-Aldrich, B5002-5G) injections after TBI or sham surgery at a dose of 100 mg/kg for three consecutive days.
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