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Mass frontier

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Mass Frontier is a software application designed for the analysis and interpretation of mass spectrometry data. It provides tools for the processing, visualization, and reporting of mass spectrometry results.

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5 protocols using mass frontier

1

Compound Identification via LC-MS

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LC-MS data were acquired in both negative and positive ion modes and processed for target compounds identification using a combination of Xcalibur and Mass Frontier software packages (Thermo Scientific).
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2

Analytical Method for Metabolite Identification

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From the raw data, analytes were identified
by their retention time (tR) precursor
ions, A + 1, and A + 2 isotopes, MS/MS mass spectra, and prediction
of molecular composition from the extracted ion chromatogram using
the Xcalibur Qual Browser (V. 3.0 SP1.48, Thermo Fisher Scientific,
San Jose, CA) with a mass accuracy (δM) tolerance
of 5 ppm. The δM for a measured ion was calculated
by dividing the difference between the theoretical and measured m/z by the theoretical m/z and expressed as part-per-million (ppm) Screening and quantitation of the
analytes
were carried out using Trace finder software (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
San Jose, CA). Mass Frontier (V. 7.01 SR1, Thermo Fisher Scientific,
San Jose, CA) software was used to predict the molecular structures
in the fragmentation studies.
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3

MALDI-TOF MS/MS Metabolite Identification

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Compounds were tentatively identified by accurate mass match of obtained high resolution FT-ICR m/z values to the Metlin database [41 ]. Identifications were confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS/MS on matrix coated barley tissue sections or on methanolic extracts. For extracts, 2 mg to 40 mg of freeze-dried, milled tissue were extracted with 1 ml water by ribolysing (3 x 45 s, 15 min pause, 6.5 m/s) using 500 mg ribobeads (0.5 mm diameter, Roth) for tissue disruption. Samples were centrifuged 15 min at 14,000 rpm. 1 μl to 2 μl of the supernatant were spotted on a ground steel target (Bruker Daltonics) with 1 μl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix (30 mg/ml in 50% methanol, 0.2% TFA). Dextrin 20 (Serva) with a concentration of 1 mg/ml was used as a reference sample for oligosaccharide analysis. The MALDI-TOF was calibrated on peptide standards. MS/MS was performed on selected precursor ions with individual laser settings using collision induced dissociation (CID) with argon as collision gas at a pressure of 2 x 106 mbar and a collision energy of 8 keV. The software functions Mass frontier (Thermo scientific) and IsotopePattern (Bruker Daltonics) served for structure and formula elucidation of metabolites.
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4

Untargeted Metabolomics Identification Process

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In untargeted metabolomics, the chemical identity of the detected ions is a priori unknown. The multi‐step identification process is described in Method S2, Supporting Information. Briefly, in‐house and online databases were queried to obtain hypotheses of identification based on accurate mass. Custom‐curated databases of known biomarkers of intake for specific foods, endogenous compounds associated with cognition and the Bordeaux 3C medication list were also used for drawing hypotheses of high biological plausibility. MS/MS fragmentation analyses were performed on the Bruker QTOF and on an ultra‐high resolution spectrometer LTQ Orbitrap (Velos, Thermo‐Scientific). Fragmentation spectra were compared to those available in databases or in the literature, or to in silico predicted fragmentation pathways generated with MassFrontier (Thermo‐Scientific). Formal identification (level 1, as described by Sumner et al.)18 was obtained by matching of masses, fragmentation pattern, and retention time to an authentic standard. When standards were not available, putative identification was obtained by comparison to analytical data reported in online databases or in the literature (for a compound [level 2] or a class of compounds [level 3]).
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5

Mass Spectrometry Compound Identification

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All compounds putatively identified via accurate intact mass were confirmed using accurate mass, tandem MS (MS2) data. To ensure that low-quality spectra were not included, MS2 spectra containing less than 5 peaks at >1% relative abundance were excluded from analysis. Additionally, spectra containing more than 100 peaks at >1% abundance were included only if >20% of the peaks appeared in the higher m/z half of the spectrum. Structures for putatively identified compounds were fragmented in silico using the software suite Mass Frontier (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Both general fragmentation rules and fragmentation library modes were used. When available, comparison with published fragmentation was also performed to confirm identifications further.
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