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Xltek

Manufactured by Natus
Sourced in United States, Canada

The XLTEK is a versatile lab equipment product designed for a range of clinical and research applications. It provides reliable data acquisition and analysis capabilities to support various diagnostic and monitoring tasks. The core function of the XLTEK is to capture, process, and display physiological signals with precision and accuracy.

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26 protocols using xltek

1

Resting-State EEG Acquisition Protocol

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EEGs were collected using Natus XLTEK (Natus Medical Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA) systems by registered EEG technicians with subjects laying supine in a low-lit, quiet room. Subjects had 19 silver-silver chloride scalp electrodes placed according to the International 10–20 System with standard reference/ground placement, impedance <5kOhm sampled at 256 Hz, and low frequency filter (LFF)=1Hz, high frequency filter (HFF)=70Hz, and with a 60Hz notch filter. Additional eye, ear, and electrocardiogram leads were also collected. EEG was acquired as continuous signal for approximately 30 minutes with subjects resting comfortably with their eyes closed in a quiet room. EEG was acquired from Fp1, Fp2, Fz, F3, F4, F7, F8, Cz, C3, C4, Pz, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1 and O2.
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2

Ear-EEG Electrodes for Auditory Recordings

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The ear plugs used in this study were shaped very similarly to those used in [18 (link)], with the difference that the plugs here were made from soft silicone, and the electrodes were solid silver buttons soldered to copper wires. See Fig. 1 for an example of a left-ear plug. Before insertion, the outer ears were cleaned using skin preparation gel (NuPrep, Weaver and Company, USA) and electrode gel (Ten20, Weaver and Company, USA) was applied to the electrodes. Ear-EEG electrodes were ELA, ELB, ELE, ELI, ELG, ELK, ERA, ERB, ERE, ERI, ERG, ERK, as defined in [19 ].

Example left-ear ear plug with silver electrodes.

As described in [18 (link)], ear-EEG electrodes were validated by measuring the auditory steady state responses (ASSR) using 40 Hz amplitude modulated white noise, which was performed while the subject was still in the laboratory. All electrodes (including ear-EEG) were connected to the same amplifier (Natus xltek, Natus Medical Incorporated, USA), and ear-EEG electrodes were Cz-referenced during the recording. The PSG consisted of two EOG electrodes, two chin EMG electrodes and 8 scalp electrodes (O1, O2, C3, C4, A1, A2, F3, F4 by the 10–20 naming convention). The data was sampled at 200 Hz.
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3

Continuous Video EEG Monitoring in Patients

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As part of the TH protocol, continuous video EEG (cEEG) monitoring was performed in all patients using a standard video-EEG recording system and reviewing software, both products of Natus-XLTEK (Natus Medical Inc., San Carlos, CA). Collodion-pasted electrodes were placed by certified technicians according to the international 10–20 system, and typically included a 19-channel “double banana” montage. cEEG recordings were visually screened, reviewed and evaluated at least daily by a board-certified clinical neurophysiologist as part of the routine clinical standard-of-care.
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4

EEG Data Acquisition with Video Synchronization

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The EEG data were recorded using 37 electrodes (Nihon Kohden (Japan) silver‐collodion disk electrodes, 10 mm) placed via an enhanced 10–20 arrangement, using the Natus XLTEK (Oakville, Canada) system. EEG was recorded with synchronized video. The typical interelectrode spacing was 3–4 cm and impedances were maintained ≤5 kΩ. Bipolar referencing was used, with a FCz reference and AFz ground electrode. Bilateral electrooculography (two leads) and electrocardiography were also recorded. Signals were amplified and digitized at 250 Hz using an antialiasing high‐pass filter with a corner frequency at 0.4 times the digitization rate.
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5

Intracranial EEG Recording of Epilepsy Patients

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Study participants Columbia University consisted of four patients (two female, two male) with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy who underwent long-term intracranial EEG studies to help identify the epileptogenic zone for subsequent surgical removal. All in vivo experiments were approved by the internal review board committees at Columbia University. Prior to obtaining and using data for this study, informed consent was obtained. The patients’ surgeries and treatment plans were not directed by or altered as a result of these studies.
A 96-channel, 4 × 4 mm microelectrode array (Utah array, Blackrock Microsystems) was implanted along with subdural electrodes with the goal of recording from SOZs. Signals from the microelectrode array were acquired continuously at 30 kHz per channel (0.3 Hz to 7.5 kHz bandpass; 16-bit precision; range, ±8 mV). The reference was epidural. ECoG signals were acquired using a standard clinical video EEG system (Xltek, Natus Medical) with a bandwidth of 0.5-500 Hz (Fig. 1B).
The HG data shown in Figure 8C were filtered off-line using a second-order Butterworth band filter of 80-150 Hz. Up to three seizures in each patient were selected for detailed analysis, to avoid biasing the dataset from the patients in whom many seizures were recorded (Table 2). Channels and time periods including artifacts were excluded.
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6

Synchronized Speech and ECoG Recording

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We simultaneously collected speech audio signal (sampled at 44.1 kHz) from a USB microphone (MXL) using customized BCI2000 software [22 (link)] and a Tucker-Davis Bioamp system. We synchronized this signal with ECoG signals recorded on a clinical system (Nihon Kohden for NU subjects and Natus XLTEK for the MC subject). ECoG sampling frequencies, which varied due to clinical settings, were 500 Hz for Subject NU1, 1 kHz for Subjects NU2 and NU3, and 9.6 kHz for Subject MC1. ECoG was subsequently bandpass filtered from 0.5-300 Hz for NU2, NU3 and MC1 and 0.5-120 Hz for NU1 (Figure 2).
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7

Frontotemporal EEG Monitoring Protocol

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Electrode placement followed the international 10–20 system but was limited to five frontotemporal EEG leads (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, Fpz, using Fpz as the reference electrode) and a ground electrode. EEG was recorded using a digital video EEG bedside monitoring system (Xltek; Natus Medical, Oakville, ON, Canada; low-pass filter = 70 Hz, high-pass filter = 1 Hz, sampling rate = 200 Hz) (Claassen et al., 2016 (link)). Electrodes were routinely checked to keep impedances <5 kΩ and to ensure high signal quality.
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8

Intracranial Electrode Implantation for LFP Recording

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LFPs were recorded using 16 and 7 (subjects 1 and 2, respectively) intracerebral multiple contact Microdeep® platinum-iridium Depth Electrodes (Dixi Medical, Besançon, France; diameter: 0.8 mm; 5 to 18 contacts, contact length: 2 mm, distance between contacts: 1.5 mm) that were stereotactically implanted using frameless stereotaxy, neuronavigation assisted, and intraoperative CT-guided O-Arm and the Vertek articulated passive arm. In total, 175, 93 and 146 contacts were implanted and recorded in subjects 1-3, respectively (see Tables 1 andS2 for details and Fig. 1B for an ex-6 ample of the implantation scheme of subject 1). The decision to implant, the selection of the electrode targets and the implantation duration were entirely made on clinical grounds using the standard procedure (Lachaux et al., 2003; Cardinale et al., 2013) . All recordings were obtained using a standard clinical EEG system (XLTEK, subsidiary of Natus Medical) with a 2048 Hz sampling rate. All signals were referenced to the scalp electrode CPz.
Individual pre-and post-implant T1-weighted MR scans were used to determine contact localizations. MR scans were obtained with a 1.5 T unit (Magnetom Aera 1.5T; Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) with a specific protocol that included the following sequence: sagittal T1weighted gradient recalled (repetition time [TR]
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9

Comprehensive EEG Analysis in Critical Care

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Recordings were acquired using the international 10–20 system with 21 electrodes (XLTEK; Natus Medical Incorporated, San Carlos, CA, U.S.A.). Low and high frequency filters were set at 1 and 70 Hz respectively, and a notch filter was used as needed. All EEG recordings were reviewed by trained electroencephalographers who had passed a certification exam [7 (link)] using the 2012 ACNS Critical Care EEG terminology [6 (link)]. All EEGs were assessed for the presence of rhythmic, periodic, and background features. The former two were denoted using main term 1: generalized (G), lateralized (L), bilateral independent (BI), multifocal (M) and main term 2: periodic discharges (PD), rhythmic delta activity (RDA), spike/sharp-and-wave (SW). Background features included an assessment for presence of continuity, AP gradient, posterior dominant rhythm frequency, variability, reactivity. If the patient underwent a prolonged hospitalization with multiple EEGs, the study that was temporally closest to the time of clinical outcome assessment was utilized. A combined variable “Poor EEG Background” was determined to be present if the EEG either lacked continuity, posterior dominant rhythm, or an anteroposterior gradient.
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10

Multimodal Neural Signal Acquisition Protocol

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ECoG and LFP signals were recorded using XLTek (Natus Medical Incorporated, Pleasanton, CA) or RZ5 (TDT) and sampled at 500 and 2441 Hz, respectively, while thalamic extracellular multi-unit signals were recorded using Axoscope (Molecular Devices) or RZ5 at 10 and 24 kHz. Two contralateral and two ipsilateral ECoG channels and four thalamic MU/LFP channels were obtained via an implanted optrode(Yizhar et al. 2011 (link); Anikeeva et al. 2011 (link)) (see supplemental procedures). A small video camera mounted on a flexible arm was used to continuously monitor the animals. Each recording trial lasted 20–60 min. To control for circadian rhythms, we housed our animals using a regular light/dark cycle, and performed recordings from roughly 9:00AM – 4:00PM.
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