Propylene glycol

Manufactured by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan

Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid. It is a common component in various laboratory equipment and solutions. Propylene glycol serves as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in various applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

10 protocols using propylene glycol

Synthesis of Silver Nanowire Ink

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Example 4

174 g of the methanol dispersion liquid of silver nanowire 2 (silver concentration: 0.2% by mass, dispersion medium: methanol, wire average diameter: 36 nm, average length: 20 μm) produced as above, was weighed in a 1000 ml eggplant flask. 3.1 g of 10% by mass PNVA aqueous solution (manufactured by Showa Denko K. K.), 40.9 g of propylene glycol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and 112.3 g of PGME (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were added thereto, and dispersed well. Thereafter, methanol was distilled away, by using an evaporator. Then, 63.2 g of pure water, 300 g of ethanol (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.), and 49.3 g of methanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added and stirred by using planetary centrifugal vacuum mixer Awatori Rentaro (registered trademark) ARV-310, manufactured by Thinky Corporation, to obtain silver nanowire ink 4 having a mass ratio between the binder resin (PNVA) and the silver nanowire (binder resin/silver nanowire) of 0.87.

US11154902B2. Transparent conductive substrate and method for producing same (2021-10-26). SHOW A DENKO K.K. [JP]. Inventors: Masahiko Toba [JP], Eri Nakazawa [JP], Shigeru Yamaki [JP].

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Synthesis and Preparation of N-Pr-4-S-CAP

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N-Pr-4-S-CAP (MW = 225 D) was kindly provided by Alberta University’s Department of Dermatology (Canada). The compound was synthesized as described by Tandon et al. [8 (link)]. For the study, N-Pr-4-S-CAP was dissolved in propylene glycol (Wako, Osaka, Japan) at a concentration of 244 mM and sterilized by filtration.

Tamura Y., Ito A., Wakamatsu K., Torigoe T., Honda H., Ito S, & Jimbow K. (2023). A Sulfur Containing Melanogenesis Substrate, N-Pr-4-S-CAP as a Potential Source for Selective Chemoimmunotherapy of Malignant Melanoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5235.

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Zebrafish Transdermal Drug Delivery

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Adult zebrafish with similar body length and body weight were randomly divided into several groups, each containing five fish. In the test for the liquid solution transdermal administration, 100 μL of 1 mM test drugs working solution was administered to the anesthetized zebrafish. For the coating administration test, a piece of paper was impregnated with 5 μL of a solution, in which 21.2 μg of felbinac, 47 μg of GA, 30.4 μg of LSH, or 32.8 μg of TH was dissolved (water: propylene glycol (Fujifilm Wako): ethanol = 1:1:1) and affixed to the tail fin of the zebrafish. The administration period was 60 min for TH and 120 min for the other three drugs, and then the chemicals were washed out. At 10, 30, 60, and 120 min after the initial administration, as well as 120 min and 300 min (60 min and 180 min for TH) after the test molecules washout, 5 μL of blood was collected as previously reported [39 (link),40 (link)]. Ethanol was added to the blood samples to adjust the final volume to 250 μL, and then vortexed and centrifuged at 7700× g for 10 min. The supernatants were then collected for analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Morikane D., Zang L, & Nishimura N. (2020). Evaluation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Drug Molecules in Zebrafish. Molecules, 25(17), 3974.

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Topical Delivery of Terbinafine Hydrochloride

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Pentobarbital was purchased from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. (Toyo, Japan). TUL, cytochalasin D, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, cetyl alcohol, l-menthol, mineral oil, white wax, sodium tetraborate, propylene glycol, beeswax, and sodium dodecyl sulfate were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Commercially available 0.5 mg TUL tape (CA-TUL, Hokunalin^® Tapes 0.5 mg) was obtained from Mylan EPD G.K (Tokyo, Japan). Rottlerin and dynasore were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), and methylcellulose (MC, SM-4) was obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was supplied by Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and PEG 400 was provided by Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Nystatin and 450 nm pore size MF^TM membrane filters were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan) and Merck Millipore (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. All other chemicals used were of the highest purity commercially available.

Nagai N., Ogata F., Deguchi S., Fushiki A., Daimyo S., Otake H, & Kawasaki N. (2022). Design of a Transdermal Sustained Release Formulation Based on Water-Soluble Ointment Incorporating Tulobuterol Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics, 14(11), 2431.

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Reagent Preparation for Antiviral Assays

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Propylene glycol (PG), ethanol (99.5), distilled water, methanol, PBS, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and zanamivir were obtained from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Mineral oil was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Hirama Y., Onishi S., Shibata R., Ishida H., Mori T, & Ota N. (2023). Antiviral Effect of Propylene Glycol against Envelope Viruses in Spray and Volatilized Forms. Viruses, 15(7), 1421.

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ACTH-independent CS Model: MIF Effects

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In the first experiment, we investigated whether the administration of MIF in an ACTH-independent CS rat model could prevent the suppression of the HPA axis. DEX was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan) and dissolved in propylene glycol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). DEX was then administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 μg/100 g body weight to the rats in all four groups for 14 days. MIF was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). On days 8-14, the second (DEX + MIF3), third (DEX + MIF6), and fourth (DEX + MIF9) groups ingested 3 mg/100 g, 6 mg/100 g, and 9 mg/100 g body weight MIF, respectively, which was suspended in water containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 0.20% polysorbate 80 (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan). The first (DEX) group ingested water containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose with 0.20% polysorbate 80 as a control. The blood samples were collected from the tail veins after fasting for 12 hours to measure the ACTH levels on days 0, 7, and 14 after the initiation of the experiment.

Yasuda A., Seki T., Kametani Y., Koizumi M., Kitajima N., Oki M., Seki M., Kakuta T, & Fukagawa M. (2019). Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Administration Prevents Adrenal Gland Atrophy in an ACTH-Independent Cushing's Syndrome Rat Model. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2019, 8708401.

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Synthesis of Cosmetic Formulations

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Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. (Mie, Japan) gifted the l-theanine. Stearic acid and propylene glycol were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (Osaka, Japan). Stearyl alcohol was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, INC. (Kyoto, Japan). All other chemicals were commercial products of reagent grade.

Ando K., Sugiyama I, & Sadzuka Y. (2024). Preparation of Transdermal Gel Containing l-Theanine for the Potential Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Preclinical Study. Women's Health Reports, 5(1), 193-200.

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Olfactory Stimulation with Soy Sauce, PEA, and Water

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Olfactory stimulation was carried out for each subject in a seated position 30-60 min before lunch or dinner. The subject sniffed a test tube containing 5 ml solution of water, PEA, or Japanese soy sauce for 20 sec. The soy sauce used for the olfactory stimulation was authentically brewed dark-colored soy sauce (Koikuchi Shoyu, Kikkoman, Tokyo). The water was mineral water. The PEA (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) was diluted 100-fold with propylene glycol (Wako).

Yano Y., Murata Y., Taniguchi M., Okutani F., Yamaguchi M, & Kaba H. (2019). Olfactory Stimulation with Japanese Soy Sauce Improves Upper Limb Performance. Occupational Therapy International, 2019, 2748721.

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Synthesis of M-doped SnO2 Catalysts

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The
following chemicals from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation were
used in the synthesis of M-doped SnO₂ supports and the
deposition of Pt catalysts: tin(II) chloride (SnCl₂, 99.9%),
antimony(III) chloride (SbCl₃, 99.9%), niobium(V) chloride
(NbCl₅, 95.0+%), tantalum(V) chloride (TaCl₅, 90.0+%), tungsten(VI) chloride (WCl₆), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 35%), ethylene glycol (EG, 99.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH,
97.0%), hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid hexahydrate (H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, 98.5%), and 60% nitric acid (HNO₃). Deionized (DI) water (resistivity >18.2 MΩ·cm
at 25 °C, total organic carbon (TOC) <5 ppb) from the Milli-Q
system (Millipore) was used for the catalyst synthesis, acid dilutions,
catalyst ink formulations, and electrochemical cell cleaning. 2-Propanol
(IPA, 99.7+%), ethanol (EtOH, 99.5+%), propylene glycol (PG, 99.0+%),
and Nafion dispersion (DE2020 CS, 20 wt %) were purchased from FUJIFILM
Wako Pure Chemical Corporation and used for catalyst ink formulation.
Perchloric acid (60%) (HClO₄; Ultrapur, Kanto Chemical
Co. Inc.) was used for the electrolyte preparation. The following
gases from the Sogo Kariya Sanso Corporation were used for electrochemical
measurements: Ar (99.999%), O₂ (99.999%), N₂ (99.99%), Air, CO (99.95%), and H₂ (99.99999%).

Inaba M., Murase R., Takeshita T., Yano K., Kosaka S., Takahashi N., Isomura N., Oh-ishi K., Yoshimune W., Tsuchiya K., Nobukawa T, & Kodama K. (2024). Synthesis of a Mesoporous SnO2 Catalyst Support and the Effect of Its Pore Size on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16(8), 10295-10306.

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Pregabalin Topical Treatment Formulation

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Pregabalin capsules were from Pfizer. The PLO gel was from Pharmedica Enterprise. Hydrophilic cream, plastic base, and purified lanolin were from Nipro, Taisho Pharmaceutical, and Nikko Pharmaceutical, respectively. Both 5‐fluorouracil and streptozotocin were from Sigma‐Aldrich. D‐phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (−) powder, KH₂PO₄, NaHPO₄, propylene glycol, and acetonitrile were from Fujifilm Wako. Laboskin prepared from the back skin of hairless mice (♂, 7Ws) was purchased from Hoshino Animal Laboratory.

Nagao M., Tajima M., Sugiyama E., Shinouchi R., Shibata K., Yoshikawa M., Yamamoto T., Sato V.H., Nobe K, & Sato H. (2022). Evaluation of in vitro transdermal permeation, mass spectrometric imaging, and in vivo analgesic effects of pregabalin using a pluronic lecithin organogel formulation in mice. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 10(2), e00919.

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