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Continuum

Manufactured by Zimmer Biomet
Sourced in United States

The Continuum is a versatile lab equipment designed for a variety of scientific applications. It provides precise measurement and analysis capabilities to support research and testing activities. The core function of the Continuum is to enable accurate data collection and processing to aid in the advancement of scientific knowledge and discovery.

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8 protocols using continuum

1

Cementless THA Implantation Technique

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All THA procedures were conducted using the modified hardinge approach. The procedures were performed by a single surgeon at one institution. The acetabular cup was inserted with cementless press-fix fixation after the exposure of the subchondral bone, and a minimum host bone coverage of approximately 75% was achieved with adequate medicalization. Two or three supplemental acetabular screws were added. The consecutive next procedures were performed without delay. The intra-operative measurements were conducted in the labs while operating. The quantified intra-operative measurement of the host bone coverage was reported to the operator around the end of the procedure. Then, we could confirm the intra-operative host bone coverage without a prolonged operative time.
The Continuum (Zimmer-Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) acetabular component design was used for the implantation in all hips. The external diameter of the acetabular component ranged from 52 mm to 68 mm. An elevated liner was used in 13 hips, while the remaining 18 hips were fitted with a neutral liner. The Biolox Delta ceramic head was used in all the hip implants. For femoral implants, preoperative templating was used for the selection of the implant that best suited the morphological features of each patient’s medullary cavity (Table 1).
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2

Acetabular Augmentation with Trabecular Metal Cage

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In these cases, we used the cage from two trabecular metal (TM) tantalum augments. We fixed augments together by bone cement and put this cage into the medial acetabular defect. Trabecular structure of this cage contacted with the patient's bone. The concave surface of this cage was coated with bone cement and we implanted the cup with TM surface (TM or Continuum, Zimmer Biomet, USA). The central part of the cup was fixed to cage with the bone cement and peripherally contacted with the patient's bone. Therefore, we created monolithic acetabular component with the large contacted area between TM surface and the bone.
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3

Cementless THA Implantation Technique

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All THA procedures were conducted using the modified hardinge approach. The procedures were performed by a single surgeon at one institution. The acetabular cup was inserted with cementless press-fix fixation after the exposure of the subchondral bone, and a minimum host bone coverage of approximately 75% was achieved with adequate medicalization. Two or three supplemental acetabular screws were added. The consecutive next procedures were performed without delay. The intra-operative measurements were conducted in the labs while operating. The quantified intra-operative measurement of the host bone coverage was reported to the operator around the end of the procedure. Then, we could confirm the intra-operative host bone coverage without a prolonged operative time.
The Continuum (Zimmer-Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) acetabular component design was used for the implantation in all hips. The external diameter of the acetabular component ranged from 52 mm to 68 mm. An elevated liner was used in 13 hips, while the remaining 18 hips were fitted with a neutral liner. The Biolox Delta ceramic head was used in all the hip implants. For femoral implants, preoperative templating was used for the selection of the implant that best suited the morphological features of each patient’s medullary cavity (Table 1).
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4

Acetabular Fracture Management Protocol

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The posterior approach was used for all patients. Retained hardware was not routinely removed unless it interfered with acetabular reaming or placement of the acetabular component. The fracture union was evaluated. Impaction bone graft was used in the cases of contained acetabular defects. Small segmental defects (less than 20%) were not reconstructed if adequate stability of the acetabular component was achieved. Larger segmental defects were reconstructed with femoral head auto or allograft. If there was evidence of nonunion of the acetabular fracture, additional posterior plate osteosynthesis was performed. The uncemented acetabular components (Trident Tritanium (Stryker, USA), Continuum (Zimmer Biomet, USA), Novae E TH cup (SERF, France) were used in all patients with additional screw augmentation when required. In 11 (27.5 %) hips, cemented stem was used, and in the remaining 29 (72.5%), a cementless stem was used.
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5

Acetabular Revisions with TM Shell

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We identified all acetabular revisions using a TM shell (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) during 2008–2016 in our local arthroplasty register. Whenever a patient had revision in both hips, only the hip that was revised first was included (Ranstam et al. 2011 (link)). 184 hips were thus included, and we divided this cohort into 2 subgroups. DMC group: 69 hips were treated with a DMC (Avantage; Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) cemented into a larger TM shell (TM Modular, Trilogy TM or TM Revision shell, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN). PE group: 115 hips received a standard polyethylene (PE) liner inside a TM shell, either as a standard snap-fit liner when a smaller TM shell was used (Continuum, TM Modular, or Trilogy TM; Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN), or a PE liner cemented into a larger TM shell (TM Modular, Trilogy TM, or TM Revision shell; Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN). PE liners were cemented according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
To ensure that no dislocations treated with closed reduction went unnoticed, we accessed all patient charts and searched charts for all closed reductions, thus ensuring complete chart follow-up for all patients.
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6

Uncemented Acetabular Components in THA

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Between January 2006 and December 2014, 25,451 and 213,314 operations performed with an uncemented acetabular component were reported to the SHAR and the AOANJRR, respectively. During this study period 10,113 primary THAs performed with a TM design (Trabecular Metal Tantalum or Continuum (ZimmerBiomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) were registered in SHAR (n = 2,796) and AOANJRR (n = 7,317). The 5 most commonly used uncemented acetabular components from each register (uncemented n = 83,596, SHAR n = 13,156, AOANJRR n = 70,440) were identified (Table 1). The patient selection is described in a flowchart (Figure 1).
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7

THA Implant Analysis from Single Institution

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After approval from the institutional review board, a consecutive series of 1,653 primary THAs (1,653 patients) from a single institution were identified between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2019. In cases of patients receiving THA bilaterally within the study period, only the first operation was included to avoid duplicate input from the same patient. Cases involving revision THA were excluded. Demographic information obtained included gender, height, weight, body mass index, ethnicity, race, and laterality. Implant data collected included manufacturer, design of the prosthesis, and component size.
This Pinnacle Gription (DePuy Orthopaedics), Continuum (Zimmer Biomet, Inc), and Trilogy (Zimmer Biomet, Inc). Among these implants, there were 60 femur size-design combinations and 23 acetabular size-design combinations in the study series.
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8

Constrained Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes

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Between January 2006 and December 2017, 373 primary THAs were performed using either a cemented constrained cup (n ¼ 220) or constrained liner attached to an uncemented cup (n ¼ 153) (Fig. 1). the constrained device is always 36 mm because of the eccentric head mold. The reference group consisted of conventional THAs with 36-mm femoral head size operated during the same time period from 2006 to 2017. The groups were matched by age group (<49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80þ years), sex, and diagnosis (primary osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other) in a 1:3 ratio, making a total of 1118 THAs in the reference group (Table 1). The most common cup models used in the reference group were Continuum (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN), Pinnacle (DePuy, Warsaw, IN), Trident (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ), Exeter (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ), and Lubinus (Waldemar Link, Hamburg, Germany).
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