Pan02

The pancreatic cancer cell lines (Pan02, MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, PANC-1, Panc-28, SW1990, Capan-2) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). CHO and HEK293 were purchased from the National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Shanghai, China). HEK293, Pan02, BxPC-3, PANC-1 and Panc-28 were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with 100 U/mL of penicillin and 100 µg/mL of streptomycin (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). MIA PaCa-2 was grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 2.5% horse serum (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). SW1990 was maintained in L15 medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Capan-2 was cultured in RPMI-1640 (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS. CHO was grown in DMEM-F12 (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS. All cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Cell lines were identified by short tandem repeat analysis and checked for mycoplasma contamination.

Female NOD-SCID mice, NSG mice and C57BL/6, 6–8 weeks old, were purchased from the Center of Medical Experimental Animals of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science. Female Prss1^−/− C57BL/6JGpt mice, 6–8 weeks old, were obtained from GemPharmatech. All the animals were maintained in the Animal Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science under specific pathogen-free conditions. All animals were placed under a 12-h light–dark cycle. The room temperature was maintained at 21 ± 1 °C with 55–70% humidity. The human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 (X100160), AsPC-1 (X100459) and BxPC-3 (X100441), the mouse pancreatic cancer cell line Pan02 (X100165), the embryonic pancreatic-tissue-derived cell line CCC-HPE-2 (X100418), HEK-293T cells (X100478) and Sf9 insect cells (X100118) were purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection. PANC-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Pan02 and HEK-293T cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific). CCC-HPE-2 cells were cultured in DMEM with 20% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were tested for mycoplasma detection, inter-species cross contamination and authenticated by isoenzyme and short-tandem repeat analyses in the Cell Resource Centre of Peking Union Medical College before the study. Cell lines in the experiments were used within 20 passages.

CHO cells stably expressing human adenosine receptors (CHO-A2aR, CHO-A2bR, CHO-A1R and CHO-A3R) were purchased from GenScript. Cell lines RM-1, B16F10 and Pan02 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Cryopreserved human PBMCs were purchased from AllCells. All CHO cells were cultured in Ham’s F12K medium (Gibco) with 10% FBS (Gibco) and RM-1 in DMEM (Gibco) medium with 10% FBS. The Pan02, B16F10 and PBMC cells were grown in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) medium containing 10% FBS. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 1% penicillin-streptomycin. All other cells were cultured without antibiotics. All cells were maintained and propagated in a humidified incubator at 37 °C, 5% CO₂.